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Aggression 2
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- 1What are the effects of alcohol on aggression?Plays an important role in aggressive behaviour.
80% of violent offenders had been drinking alcohol before committing their crimes. - 2What was the study for alcohol and aggression?Randomly allocated participants to:
1. Alcohol condition
2. Non-alcohol condition (placebo)
Causal link between alcohol intake and aggression.
Meta-analytic reviews support alcohol as a significant predictor of aggressive behaviour with moderate side effects. - 3How does alcohol lead to aggression?Being grounded in the moment feels pleasant because it stops rumination of past negative experiences or worries about the future.
- 4Talk about how alcohol leads to myopiamyopia - a narrowing of cognitive or intellectual focus.
-Sensitive to the immediate environmental cues
increases reactivity
decreases self-regulation
Alcohol reduces the attentional capacity of the individual.
intoxicated people are likely to misinterpret what someone is saying or to respond aggressively to provocation. this leads to alcohol myopia. - 5What are the effects of misogynistic music on behaviour?Participants randomly allocated to listen to either:
1. a misogynistic aggressive song
2. a neutral song of the same genre/style
After exposure to the aggressive song, men behaved more aggressively towards women but not men. (added more hot sauce to women's drink) - 6What is the impact of high temperature on aggression?Aggression increases as temp goes up. two paradigms to test this.
1. Geographic regions approach -compares violent crime rates in hotter vs cooler regions. supports the heat hypothesis - link between hotter climates and higher violent rates.
1. time periods approach - compares violence rates in same region during cooler and hotter periods. violent crime rates higher in summer than winter. - 7What is the impact of global warming on crime?Continuous rise in global temp presents risk factor for the rise of violent crime.
Anderson: increase in temp by 1.1 degrees C increases murder and assault rate by 9 cases per 100,00 citizens - 8Violence and TVin canada and the us, murder rate doubles between 1957 and 1974 when violent TV spread.
in a small, remote and rural canadian town where tv came late, playground aggression doubled. - 9What was Lieber & Baron's study into aggression and media?randomly assigned children between ages 5-8 years old to two conditons:
1. Saw clips from a violent TV show (the untouchables): the sequence contained a chase, 2 fist-fighting scenes, two shootings and a knifing.
2. Saw a sports competition: the sequence contained an athlete competing hurdle races and high jump.
Children then taken into playroom with a toy gun, toy knife, two bobo dolls and some non-aggressive toys.
Results:
- Children in aggressive sequence elected to play more frequently with the aggressive toys.
- Compelling evidence that TV effects children especially given the brevity of the clips. - 10What are the limitations of this study?• Bias towards publishing only statistically significant studies: how many null studies were not published (Giles, 2010)
• The violent clips are typically sliced together from the most violent parts of the TV shows, leading to a very artificial treatment of the stimuli.
• Clips are decontextualized from the wider plot and narrative which may lead to overestimation of the violence.
• Children forced to watch the TV shows - 11what is another method for examining the effect of TV on aggression?Typically measure amount of violent TV a child watches and correlate with the child’s aggressive behaviour.
Many studies show a significant, positive correlation between these variables.
Problem: cannot infer causality, three competing explanations:
1. Does viewing TV violence make viewers more aggressive?
2. Or are aggressive individuals more affected by violent TV programmes?
3. Unidentified third variable (e.g. family size) - 12what is a longitudinal study for tv and aggression?Long term effects of exposure to TV violence on aggression.
Design: same participants were studied 2 times over a period of 10 years.
Complex procedure called cross-lagged panel analysis applied to the data.
Time 1 (8 years): measures of aggression (peer nominations). Mothers names child’s most watching TV programmes which were rated by experts for level of violent content.
Results: there was a significant postivie correlation between watching violent TV when the children were 8 and aggressive behaviour at 8.
Time 2 (18 years): measure of aggression and exposure to TV violence.
Compare 2 correlations:
1. Correlation between amount of violent TV viewed at 8 (time 1) and aggression at 18 (time 2) = TV violence leads to aggression.
2. Correlation between aggression at 8 and watching violent TV at 18 = aggression leads to watching TV violence.
They found a significant positive correlation between watching violent TV at 8 and aggressive behaviour at 18.
No correlation between aggression at 8 and watching violent TV at 18.
TV violence is causal factor of aggression although 3rd varia - 13how does violent media causes aggression?1. Priming of aggressive thoughts and feelings - watching media violence increases accessibility of aggressive thoughts.
2. observational learning - watching media instigates social learning process.
3. short-term increase in arousal
4. long term habituation to violence - reduces empathy
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- Social psychology Fichas sobre Aggression 2 , creado por Gabriella Kiernan el 06/01/2020.
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- Gabriella Kiernan
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