Fichas
Chapter 8 and 9 Science Test - Space
Fichas del conjunto (93)
- 1How many days does it take for Earth to make a full rotation?365.25 days
- 2What is orbital radius?the average distance between and object in the solar system and the sun
- 3Wha is orbital period?How long it takes for a planet to complete a full revolution around the Sun
- 4Why do you always see the same side of the Moon?The Moon completes one rotation on its axis in the same amount of time it takes it to revolve around the Earth
- 5What is Gravitational Force and what does it allow the Earth to do?the force of attraction between all masses in the Universe and it allows Earth to orbit the Sun
- 6What is a heliocentric model?A model that shows Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun
- 7What is a geocentric model?A model that shows that the Sun and planets revolve around the Earth
- 8What is Earth tilted at?23.5°
- 9Why do we have different seasons?Because the Earth is tilted towards the Sun at different times per year
- 10What is a solstice?An event that occurs two times each year, when the tilt of Earth's axis is most inclined toward or away from the Sun
- 11What is an equinox and when are they?The time of the year when the hours of daylight equals the hours of darkness:
September 23, December 22, March 21, and June 22 - 12What is precession and how often does it happen?It is the changing direction of the Earth's axis and it points in a different direction every 26000 years
- 13What is the star that appears fixed in the sky?Polaris or the North Star
- 14What is a lunar cycle?All the phases of the moon over a period of about 4 weeks
- 15What is a solar eclipse?When the moon is between Earth and the Sun; only possible the in the new moon phase
- 16What is a lunar eclipse?When Earth is between the Sun and Moon; can appear orange or red
- 17What are tides?The alternate rising and falling of the surface of large bodies of water; caused by the interaction between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun
- 18What is a constellation?a group of stars observed from Earth; stars move over time
- 19What is the celestial sphere and what is it divided into?It is a sphere that rotates around the Earth; imaginary. It is divided into the North d South hemisphere
- 20What is astronomy?The scientific study of what is beyond Earth
- 21What is a celestial object?Any object that exists in space
- 22What is the Universe?Everything that exists, including all energy, matter, and space
- 23What is a star?A massive collection of gases held together bu its own gravity and emitting huge amounts of energy; luminous
- 24What does luminous mean?Producing and giving off light; shining
- 25What is a planet?A large, round celestial object that travels around a star
- 26What is the Solar System?The Sun and all objects that travel around it
- 27What is a satellite? Is a Moon a satellite?A celestial object that travels around a planet or dwarf planet. Moons are satellites.
- 28What is a galaxy?A huge, rotating collection of gas, dust, and billions of stars, planets, and other celestial objects
- 29What is EM Radiation?Energy emitted from matter, consisting of electromagnetic waves that travel at the speed of light
- 30What is the EM spectrum?the range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation extending from radio waves to gamma rays, and including visible light
- 31Where does nuclear fusion happen in the Sun?nuclear fusion
- 32What is the order (from the inside out) of the layers of the Sun?Core, Radiation Zone, Convection Zone, Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona
- 33What is a sunspot?dark spots appearing on the Sun's surface that are cooler than the area surrounding them
- 34What is a solar flare?gases and charged particles expelled above an active sunspot
- 35What is a solar prominence?Low-energy gas eruptions from the Sun's surface that extends thousands of kilometres into space
- 36What causes the Auroras?Earth is surrounded by a magnetic field that is strongest at the North and South pole and when solar winds come in contact with particles from the field, it produces a light display in the sky.
- 37What is the astronomical unit?,
- 38What characteristics do planets have to be considered planets?- be in orbit around a star
- have enough mass to be pulled into a stable sphere by gravity
- dominate its orbit - 39What is the asteroid belt?It is composed of rock and metal and is located between mars and jupiter
- 40What is a meteoroid?It is smaller than an asteroid and gets pulled into Earth's gravity creating shooting stars
- 41What is a comet?A chunk of ice and dust that travels in a very long orbit around the Sun
- 42What is the ecliptic?The path across the sky that the Sun, the Moon and the zodiac constellations appear to follow over the course of a year
- 43What is retrograde motion?The apparent motion of an object in the sky, usually a planet, from East to West, rather than in its normal motion from west to east
- 44What is Azimuth?The horizontal angular distance from north measured eastward along the horizon to a point directly below a celestial body
- 45What is Altitude?The angular height a celestial object appears to be above the horizon; measured vertically from the horizon
- 46What does one lightyear equal?1ly= 9.46 x 10 to the power of 12 km
- 47What is parallax?The apparent change in position of an object as viewed from two different locations that are not on
a line with the object - 48What is luminosity?the total amount of energy produced by a star per second; Luminosity of a star is compared to the luminosity of the Sun which is 1
- 49What is apparent magnitude?the brightness of a star seen by an observer on Earth; The brighter a star is, the lower apparent magnitude and the opposite for darker stars
- 50What is absolute magnitude?the brightness of stars as if they were all located 33 ly from Earth; If Polaris and the Sun were beside each other, Polaris would be brighter because it has a lower absolute magnitude
- 51What do the temperatures of stars range from?2000 to 50000 degrees
- 52What is solar mass?a value used to describe the masses of galaxies and stars other than our Sun; equal to the mass of the Sun (2 ×10 30 kg)
- 53What does a star begin as?A star begins its life cycle deep inside a massive cloud of interstellar gas, and dust called a nebula
- 54How is a protostar formed?gravitational forces pull in gases and dust towards the center of the nebula, which causes clumps as these clumps become more and more dense, and have higher gravitational forces, they create what’s called a Protostar
- 55What is the Hertzsprung-Russell DiagramA diagram that shows differents stars and their brightness, colour and size
- 56Why do red giant stars turn into white dwarf starsAs Red Giants continue to expand they lose more and more mass, until eventually only the core of the star is left, which then becomes a White Dwarf—a small, dim, hot star
- 57What is a supernova?is caused When a massive star runs out of hydrogen for fusion and begins to fuse helium into carbon
- 58What is a neutron star?an extremely dense star made up of tightly packed neutrons; results when a star over 10 solar masses collapses
- 59What is a Solar Nebula?A massive cloud of gas and dust, and inside, clumps of gas dust and dust form and one becomes a protostar
- 60What is the Protostar?It begins to contract under its own gravity and will start to spin and then nuclear fusion starts
- 61What is Nuclear Fusion?Nuclear fusion starts when the protostar spins fast enough to produce heat, forming a disk of gas and dust and then solar winds push the lighter elements away from the sun creating a gas giant
- 62How are Rocky Planets Formed?Gravity pulls smaller rocks into bigger objects. The Earth got hit by a dwarf planet while being formed
- 63How is a gas giant formed?The Sun pushed away the lighter elements creating its own atmosphere
- 64How many years did the Sun take to form into the main sequence?30 Million
- 65What is a Star Cluster?A group of stars held together by gravity that was formed in the nebula
- 66What is an open star cluster?A collection of six to thousands of usually young stars
- 67What is a globular star cluster?A ball-shaped collection of thousands to millions of very old stars
- 68What is an elliptical galaxy?A large group of stars that together make an elliptical or oval shape
- 69What is a spiral galaxyA large group of stars that together make a spiral shape such as the Milky Way
- 70What is a lenticular galaxy?A large group of stars that together make a shape that has a central bulge but no spiral arms
- 71What is an irregular galaxy?A large group of stars that together make an irregular shape
- 72How many lightyears is the Sun from the centre of the Milky Way?30000 ly
- 73What exists in the middle of the Milky Way?A huge black hole that affects the gravitational pull
- 74What is a quasar?A distant, young galaxy that emits large amounts of energy produced by a supermassive black hole at its centre. It is considered the most powerful energy producer of all
- 75What galaxy cluster is the Milky Way a part of?The local group
- 76What supercluster is the Milky Way a part of?The Virgo Supercluster
- 77Who discovered that there was more than 1 galaxy?Edwin Hubble
- 78What is redshift?A phenomenon of light from galaxies shifting the red end of the visible spectrum, indicating that the galaxies are moving away from Earth
- 79What is Hubble's Law?The further away the galaxy, the greater the redshift and therefore appears to be moving faster
- 80What is dark matter?A matter that makes star move 10 times faster than they are supposed to and it is not visible to the human eye. The gravity of dark matter holds the universe together
- 81What is dark energy?The force working against the force of gravity causing the speed of the universe expanding to increase
- 82What is the big band theory?A theory that suggests that the universe was formed from a hot, dense, point with a volume smaller than the period at the end of a sentence approximately 13.7 billion years ago. When it cooled, the energy turned into matter and then this matter formed clumps which are now stars and galaxies
- 83What is the evidence that the big band theory happened?- Radiation from all parts of the universe
- the static interference from energy remnants released by the space expansion
- differences in temperatures in space - 84What do most telescopes collect?Electromagnetic radiation
- 85What is a refracting telescope?An optical telescope that uses glass lenses to gather and focus light
- 86What is a reflecting telescope?An optical telescope that uses mirrors to gather and focus light
- 87What is a spacecraft?a human-occupied or robotic vehicle used to explore space or celestial objects
- 88What are some daily challenges of living on the ISS?Water is unattainable and very valuable
- 89What is the Canadarm?It is a robotic arm attached to the ISS that acts like a human arm
- 90What is a space probe?It is sent to observe the Solar System, mostly controlled from here on Earth
- 91What are some alternate fuels to fuel Spacecrafts?Nuclear Energy - energy released from the nucleus of radioactive atoms
- 92How much per cent of bone mass do astronauts lose every month they are in space2%
- 93What is space junk?Space junk debris from artificial objects orbiting Earth
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- Grade 8 Science Fichas sobre Chapter 8 and 9 Science Test - Space, creado por Amy Whalen el 12/01/2020.
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- Amy Whalen
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