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forensics second year part 2
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- 1theories of personality : 3 factor modelsuggest personality on a continuum and the three major continues traits are...
1) extroversion - introversion
2) neuroticism - emotional stability
3) psychoticism - self control - 2some approaches to personality- 5 factor model
- 3 factor model
- psychodynamic
- neuropsychological biological
- social learning - 3what is a personality disorder and DSM- 5 criteriaunusual or extreme personality traits, so being on the extremities of the continuum
-long lasting deviant behaviour from culture norms
- adolescents onset (cant see in children)
- stable over time
- hinders functioning and causes suffering - 4biological vulnerabilities, what may predict personality disordersinfants temperament, their...
- sociability
- activity
- emotional reactivity - 5children have innate response to stay close to mother, if they don't get appropriate response back, what can this lead to problems with in later life- understanding thought and feeling of self and others
- more sensitive to later experiences
- social learning - 6types of personality disorders, most seen in criminal- borderline personality: females
- antisocial: males
- narcissistic
- psychopathy
- paranoia - 7borderline personality disorders / emotionality unstable have problems with...- emotion regulation: more sensitive to adverse outcomes (may self harm)
- bad at forming relationships: act strongly to criticism
- unstable self image: see self as wholly good or bad - not happy - 8symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder- high self esteem
- exploits others
- loves self
believed this is because they're really low self esteem so this is t cover it up - 9symptoms of paranoia personality disorder- don't trust others
- feel always attacked
- may be resentful - 10psychopathysubset of anti-social behaviour often with severe of a personality disorder trait
- strong link to high offending risk - 11treatment for psychopathyCBT doesn't work
- dialectical behaviour therapy
metallisation based theory
- schema therapy - 12stalking definitionrepeated attempts to try communicate with someone when it is unwanted and it may impose threat
- 13stalking behaviours 2 types - with behaviours withinunwanted communication
- telephone, emil, text, revenge porn or photos online, social networks, graffiti
unwanted contact
- loitering, following, spying, entering the victims home - 14when did anti-staling legislation come about and what influenced it1989 in response to celebrities and royal family being stalked
- 15what is erotomania (stalking)delusional disorder where you believe you're married to someone
- 16celebrity stalking, who are the culprits usuallyusually mentally ill people
- 17what constitutes as stalking criteria (US, UK, AUS)US: has to be fear from the victim of injury or death
UK: 2 accounts of unwanted harassment
AUS: when the stalker intends to cause harm or fear - 18McKoen et al 2015 - mock jury for a stalking trial what did the jurors think about stalking- not serious or violent
- victim should be flattered
- victim to blame - 19prevalence of being stalked1/5 citizens experience stalking
25% stalking increase - 20has stalking got a prevalence with other disorderyes - the highest is personality (45%)
psychosis (83.6%) for the royal family - 21is short term stalking usually associated with a mental disorderno, the longer and persistent the stalking the more likely to be accompanied with entail disorder
- 22name the 4 risk factors of stalking1 violence
2) persistence
3) psychological damage
4) re-occurnce - 23violnce as a risk factor for stalkingconcern if the perpetrator likely to cause harm to the victim
- 24persistence as a risk factor for stakinglikelihood the perpetrator is persistent and won't stop
- 25re-occurence of stalking as a risk factorlikelihood the offender will stalk again to the same or diff person
- 26psychological damage as a risk factor for stalkinghow psychologically damaging is the behaviour toward the victim
- 27what are the 5 classifications stalkers fall under1) rejected
2) intimacy
3) predatory
4) resentful
5) incompetent suitor (loneliness or lust - not for long term intimacy but maybe a date or sex) - 28mental illness and stalkingstalking and mental disorder may be concurrent or stalking driven by the mental disorder
- delusions, schizophrenia, bipolar - 29treatmentsfirst psychiatric medication
- try managing denial (saying haven't gone near them when have)
- try encourage empathy for victim
- encourage any deficits in skills (verbal, social) - 30does group therapy work for stalkers6 month program
- 29 stalker
- 14 stayed till end but did not re-offend
so completion is useful - 31barriers to treating stalkers- have poor verbal skill
- they may be accompanied with anti-social behaviours and therefore have a negative view about therapy
- could be angry - 32issues behind cyber stalkingthe anonymity of the person through cyber stalking makes it hard to know if these are real threats or not
- is social media to blame - 33behaviours of cyber stalking- deluges (many unwanted emails/ messages)
- ordering goods in their name or posting material about them
- making online threats - 34difference between cyber talking and bullyingcyber stalking also contains the victim feeling harassed and worried about safety which is classified also as cyber bullying - so hard to differentiate
- 35is cyber staking and real stalking the same?hard to distinguish as its based on demographical behaviour and stats
- 36study of four diff types of stalkers, who did they look at and what did they find1) only cyber stalking online
2) cross over between cyber and real life stalking
2) cross over from real life to cyber
4) real life stalking only
cyber stalking starts online (not real life first)
- cyber likely to be ex romantic partner
- 75% of victims had come into contact with offender online - 37what classifies what a crime isan offence punishable by law
- some are obvious crimes and others less so
- depends on the point in time (as laws change - sex marriage) - 38what inflcunes people to break the law1) social conditions: SES, passion crimes
2) people influenced: peers, radicalisation
3) individual differences: why some people do and don't (biological) - 39what are Howoitts 4 primary levels of analyses for crime1) societal (large causes)
2) community (local)
3) group socialisation influences (immediate)
4) individual - 40what do societal perspective of crime refer tothe differences in crime rates across societies or cultures
- 41strain theory (why commit crime)when there is an economic gap between low economic groups and high economic groups
- so low economic groups get angry - 42absolute deprivation / conflicting theory (why people commit crimes)deviance is a response to the unequal power, poverty and general inequality so commit crimes
- 43deterrence / rational choice theory (why people commit crimes )these people are fully guilty of committing crime as they made a rational judgment to do so
- 44feminist theory on crimemales commit more crimes than females and females more likely victims as men trying to show power
- 45—
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- Fichas sobre forensics second year part 2 , creado por abi Jane el 15/01/2020.
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- abi Jane
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