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Chapter 7 Learning
Fichas del conjunto (68)
- 1Constructive ProcessOrganize and shape information as it is processed, stored & retrieved
- 2AttentionFocusing awareness on narrowed range of stimuli
- 3Selective AttentionImpact the level of awareness you apply information
- 4Divided AttentionFiltering information at different times
- 5Early FilteringInformation is selectively allowed into the system at the sensory level
- 6Structural Encoding LevelRecognizing structure of words
Shallow - 7Phonemic Encoding LevelWhat a word sounds like
Intermediate - 8Semantic Encoding LevelMeaning of word
Deep - 9ElaborationLinking stimulus to other information
- 10Visual ImageryCreation of visual images to represent words to be remembered
- 11Dual-coding TheoryHolds that memory is enhanced by forming semantic and visual codes
- 12Self-Referent EncodingHow or whether information is personally relevant
- 13Sensory MemoryPreservation of information in original sensory form
- 14Short-Term MemoryLimited capacity storage that can maintain unrehearsed information for 20s
- 15ChunkingGrouping familiar stimuli for storage as a single unit
- 16Limited DurationInformation can be kept for a brief period of time before it is lost
- 17RehearsalProcess of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information
- 18MaintenanceMaintaining the information in consciousness by repeating it over and over
- 19Elaborate RehearsalInvolves associating other information with what you are trying to remember
- 20Phonological Rehearsal LoopActive when use recitation to temporarily hold it down
- 21Visuospatial SketchpadTemporarily holding and manipulating images
- 22Executive Control SystemLimited amount juggled at one time as people engage in reasoning and decision making
- 23Episodic BufferLimited capacity store that allows components of working memory to integrate information
- 24Long Term MemoryPhonemic & semantic encoding occur
- 25ClusteringTendency to memorize things in terms of groups
- 26Conceptual HierarchiesElaborate groupings b/c they involve multilevel classification based on common properties
- 27SchemasClusters of knowledge about a object or even abstracted from previous experience
- 28Semantic NetworksNodes representing concepts joined by pathways that link concepts
Short pathways = strong connections - 29Parallel Distributed ProcessingCognitive processes depend on patterns of activation in interconnected that resemble for neural networks
- 30CryptomnesiaWhen you believe you thought of something on your own when you actually got the information from a source
- 31Reality MonitoringSource monitoring involving determining whether memories are based in actual events or imagination
- 32RetentionProportion of material remembered or retained
- 33RecallRequire subjects to reproduce information on their own
- 34RecognitionRelearn previously learned information to see how much less time it takes
- 35Pseudo-forgettingBelief that one forgot when the information was never actually encoded
- 36Decay TheoryForgetting occurs because memory traces fade
- 37Interference TheoryForget information because of competition of other material
- 38Proactive InterferencePreviously learned information interferes with the retention of new information
- 39Retroactive InterferenceNew information impairs the retention for previously learned information
- 40Encoding Specificity PrincipleEffectiveness of a retrieval cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory codes that represents the stored item
- 41Memory IllusionMemories can be created by suggestion
- 42Neural CircuityMemories depend on neural circuits and biological changes in the brain at the time of memory
- 43Long-Term PotentiationLong-lasting increase in neural excitability at synapses
- 44AmygdalaCritical in information of learned fears
- 45HippocampusPlay the most critical role of brain structures in information of memories
- 46Retrograde AmnesiaMemories formed before the amnesia are lost
- 47Anterograde AmnesiaCannot form new lasting memories after the amnesia has occurred
- 48ImplicitUnintentional recall
- 49ExplicitIntentional recall
- 50DeclarativeFatual information in explicit memory
- 51ProceduralActions and conditions responses in implicit memory
- 52EpisodicMemory of personal facts
- 53SemanticMemory for general facts
- 54ProspectiveRemembering what needs to be done in the future
- 55RetrospectiveMemory for past events
- 56Retrival CuesStimuli that help gain access to memories
- 57Contextual CuesPutting yourself in the context that it occurred to aid retrieval
- 58Source MonitoringMaking attributions about the origins of memory
- 59Source Monitoring ErrorWhen a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another
- 60Destination MemoryRecalling whom one was told what
- 61Transfer-Appropriate ProcessingWhen the initial processing of information is similar to the type of processing required by measure of retention
- 62TransienceWeakening of a memory
Most often a memory failure - 63AbsentmindednessMemory failure due to failure to pay attention
- 64BlockingFail to retrieve an item of information
- 65MisattributionAssigning a memory to the wrong source
- 66SuggestibilityMemory is distorted because of misleading information
- 67BiasInaccuracy due to effect of current knowledge on reconstruction
- 68PersistanceInvolves unwanted memories that you can't forget
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- Undergraduate Psyc 1001 Fichas sobre Chapter 7 Learning , creado por Andrea Smith el 15/04/2015.
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- Andrea Smith
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