Fichas
Energy key term
Fichas del conjunto (57)
- 1ResourceTerm used for any part of the environment that can be used for human needs
- 2ReservePart of the resource that is available for use
- 3Fossil fuelOil, natural gas, coal, all formed from plants and animal remains in previous geological periods
- 4StockTerm used for something that we have a limited supply of, or a non-renewable resource
- 5Non-renewableAlso known as finite stock, cannot be used without depleting the stock. Has evolved over a long period of time
- 6FlowTerm used for something that we have an infinite supply of, a renewable resource
- 7RenewableResources also known as flow or income resources
- 8Critical renewable resourceSustainable energy resources from forests or plants, require prudent management
- 9Non-critical renewable resourceEverlasting resource such as tides, waves and solar
- 10ElectricityForm of energy created from primary fuel sources. The national grid supplies electricity throughout the uk
- 11Primary energyEnergy sources in raw form such as oil and gas which can be used to produce secondary energy
- 12Secondary energyManufactured energy or power such as petroleum
- 13Sustainable developmentDevelopment that meets the demand of the present generation without compromising
- 14Russia and Eastern Europe supply•High reserves of natural gas
•Amongst the top 10 countries for oil and uranium
•Energy surplus - 15Europe supply•Dependent on energy imports
•Low energy efficiency - high waste
•Lack of fossil fuel supply
•Energy insecurity - 16Middle Eastern supply•Large Oil reserve
•Unstable regimes affecting fossil fuel supply
•Energy surplus - 17North America Supply•Large coal reserves
•Opportunity to exploit oil reserves in Arctic, Antarctica and other sensitive areas
•Huge energy consumption - outweighs supplies
•Energy insecurity - 18Asia supply (Excluding Russia)•Large coal and uranium reserves
•Rappidly increasing demand outweighs supplies
•Energy insecurity - 19Sub-Saharan Africa supply•Dependency on foreign transnational companies to exploit supply eg. Oil in Nigeria
•Energy poverty - 20Energy securityWhen a country produces enough energy and doesn't need to trade with other countries so is therefore energy secure
- 21Energy PovertyWhen the amount of energy a country has doesn't meet the demand of its population
- 22Energy SurplusWhen a country has more energy than it needs
- 23Energy DeficitWhen a country doesn't have enough energy so has to import
- 24Energy GapThe difference between secured energy supply and projected future needs
- 25Energy PathwayThese are supply routes between producers and consumers (pipelines, shipping routes, electricity cables)
- 26Net importerA country that buys more from other countries than it actually sells
- 27Biomass•Decaying plant or animal waste
•Organic material can be burned to provide energy eg. heat or electricity
•Oil seed rape will produce chemicals after burned, that will run diesel cars
Eg. Hybrid buses, Manchester
+ Cheap and readily available
+ Long term sustainable energy
+ Carbon neutral
- When burned releases greenhouse pollutants
- Only renewable if plants are re-planted
- Large areas of land needed
- FF used to transport - 28Solar•Energy from sunlight is captured in solar panels and converted into energy using photovoltaic cells
Eg. City tower, Manchester
+Potentially infinite energy
+No fuel needed
-Manufacture can be expensive
-Large areas of solar panels and solar climates are needed for large amounts of energy
-Carbon dioxide is released during production - 29Wind•Wind turbines turn wind energy into electricity by a generator
•Built onshore and offshore in exposed areas of high wind
•Used in both buildings and national grid
Eg. Limpet in Hebrides, Scotland
+Potentially infinite energy supply
+No fuel
+single dwellings can use them
-Creates a humming sound
-Spoils countryside
-Manufacturing is costly
-Carbon dioxide released during production - 30Wave•Movement of seawater in and out of a cavity on the shore, it compresses trapped air and drives a turbine
Eg. Denmark
+Ideal for an Island country
+More likely to be small scale
-Unreliable
-Construction is costly
-Production releases Carbon dioxide - 31Tidal•Tidal barrages are built across estuaries, as the tide flows in and out it turns a turbine
Eg. Severn Barrage
+Ideal for Island such as the UK
+Potential to generate a lot of electricity
+Double as a bridge
+Less variable
-Construction is costly
-Only a few estuaries are available
-Looks unsightly
-Production releases Carbon Dioxide
-Negative impact on wildlife - 32Geothermal•Pumps can be used to extract the heat from the ground, especially in volcanic areas.
•Cold water is pumped down into the ground and is released as steam which can turn a turbine
Eg. Iceland
+Potentially infinite
+Very successful in Iceland and New Zeland
-Very expensive to set up
-Only work if in volcanic areas
-Power stations may become redundant if volcanic activity calms down - 33HEP•Dams are built to store a large volume of water
•Tunnels with turbines are built within the dam and the pressure of the water forces water into the tunnels turning the turbines
Eg. Itaipu Dam, Brazil
+Creates Jobs when building
+Creates water reserves
+Can be used for fishing
-Expensive to build
-May cause flooding
-Major ecological effects, such as fish migrating
-Production releases carbon dioxide
-Unsightly - 34Appropriate technologyTechnology that can be made with local materials and by local people at an affordable price, whilst benefiting the communities and individuals
- 35Sustainable transportTransport which has less effects on the environment
- 36Park and Ride•When you drive to a certain car park and then get public transport to your destination
+Reduces traffic and congestion
+Reduced co2 emissions
+May be quicker
+Cheaper
-May have to drive further that if you just drove to work
- Building carparks takes up a lot of space
- could take longer - 37Car sharing Schemes•People from the same work all share a car to get to work
+Can benefit from 2+ passenger lanes
+Reduces cars and traffic
+Reduces co2
-Will have to wait for people and make take a while
-May take longer due to picking people up
-Takes planning
-travel further - 38Boris' Bikes•In major central locations of London, there is bike locations in which you can use and pay as you go
+Under 30 minutes is free
+Increases bike use so more healthy
+Reduces cars and traffic
+Reduces co2 emissions
-Bike may break as you use it
-There may be no space in certain bike drop off areas - 39Cycle lanes•Certain lanes on the road are made just for cyclists
+Increases bike use so healthier
+Reduces cars and traffic
+Reduces co2 emissions
+Can cut queues so may be quicker
+Keeps cyclists off the pavement
-Can be dangerous for cyclists
-Some people park in cycle lanes making it dangerous for cyclists - 40Bus lanes•Lanes only allowed to be used by buses
+Quicker journey
+Skips traffic
+Encourages bus use
+One bus can take 40 cars off the road
-Takes up more road space
-People may not notice bus lane signs and therefore they will be fined
-Short term since it may take a while for people to change from car to bus - 41Acid rain•Nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide is released into the air and mixes with water and gases in the clouds producing pollutants in the clouds
•It is then released from the clouds as acid rain - 42Transboundary pollutant event•Pollutant gases are carried by the wind and deposited as dry deposits far from the source
•8% of sulphur deposits in Germany and Sweden are UK origin - 43Vegetation and soil - Effects of acid rain•Trees and plants cannot take in water due to the aluminium in the soil
•The rain pollutes agricultural land so farmers cannot plant new crops
•Plants and trees can no longer stand cold harsh temperatures due to the decrease in health - 44Aquatic/Lakes - Effects of acid rain•Change in salt balance causes fishes gills to become clogged and therefore they cannot breathe properly
•Low pH and Aluminium int he water makes it toxic for fish causing them to die - 45Water supply - Effects of acid rain•Increase in aluminium in the water has been linked to Alzheimer's disease
•Makes the water partially unsafe to drink
•Pollutants in the drinking water will mean they have to spend more money on cleaning it - 46Building and Architecture - effects of acid rain•Acid rain deposition encourages rapid weathering on buildings and statues via carbonation
•Historical buildings will start to be destroyed - 47Human - Effects of acid rain•Pollutants in th air can cause respiratory problems
- 48GeopoliticsWay in which political decisions and processes affect the way in which space and resources are used
- 49OPEC•Organisation of pterolium exporting countries
•memebrs include Angola, Algeria, Suadi Arabia, Iraq, Iran
•All have large influences since its members have over half of the world's oil reserves
•Can easily cut or increase oil price, decline or incline lil production - 50Energy Pathway Disruption•Pollitical unrest
•Suply runs out
•Price or pay disputes
•Natural diaster - 51nuclear energy•Nuclear fission causes a chain reaction
•Atoms split and cause other atoms to split
•Steam is generated and this causes a turbine to turn
•Non-Renewable
•uranium atoms - 52Nuclear waste•Used to be thrown in the ocean
•Now is placed in steel drums and tanks, wrapped in concrete and buried deep underground - 53Advantages of nuclear energy•FF are running low so it will ensure some countries are energy secure in the future
•New technology developments can reduce the nuclear waste issue
•France has successfully developed nuclear energy, 78% of its energy is nuclear and they have the cheapest electricity in Europe
•Only small amount of uranium is needed to produce the same power as coal and oil
•Renweable fuels are still at an early stage and cost a lot
•1000's jobs will be created
•Give the UK energy security
•Large reserves of uranium
•UK needs to reduce its dependency - 54Disadvantages of Nuclear energy•Leaking of radioactive material has catastrophic effects on certain areas eg. Chernobyl
•Renewable energy costs are decreasing
•Difficulties on storage, needed for 1000's of years
•Produces carbon dioxide
•uranium is non-renewable
•Decomissioning of nuclear power plants is expensive
•Expensive overall - 55GasProduction - USA, Russia and Middle eastern countries, last 10 years world production has increased by 2.5%
Consumption - Used mainly by MEDCs which are densely populated - 56CoalProduction - Uk coal is too expensive so is easier to import from abroad like Africa and Australia
Consumption - Mainly consumed in MEDCS - 57OilProduction - 25% worlds oil is in the middle eastern area, mainly above the northern hemisphere
Consumption - Oil is the most used energy all around the world
Información
- Descripción
- A-Level (Energy ) Geography Fichas sobre Energy key term, creado por Isobel Wagner el 19/04/2015.
- Creado por
- Isobel Wagner
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