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Sociology Unit 4 Theory and Methods
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- 1Functionalism is a what scale aproach, this means?Macro, looking at society on a large scale. Meaning society is a social system consisting of independent and interrelated parts.
- 2What kind of aproach does Functionalism take ?Structural, society is a powerful force and acts as a whole.
- 3What is the biological analogy?The biological analogy suggests society is like a living organism.
Change in one area changes others.
Diseased parts will contaminate others. - 4What are the 4 subsystems that meed societies needs suggested by Parsons?Economic
Political
Kinship
Culture - 5What is mecanical solidarity ?Durkheim-
Traditional society with little devision of labour, members all similar. Strong collective conscience bound them together tightly. (no individuals in the modern sense) - 6What is organic solidarity?Durkheim-
Modern society with a complex devision of labour. This promotes differences between groups and weakens social solidarity. - 7What is anomie and how does it arise?Durkheim-
Anomie is created by rapid change within society. This weakend old norms without creating new ones leaving society in anomie - Normlessness. Threatening social cohesion. - 8In what 3 ways does Parsons say society is similar to a biological system?System - Both are self-regulating and have inter-related independant parts.
functional prerequisites - Basic needs, all societies need norms and values ect.
Functions - Function of any part of a system is to benefit it as a whole. - 9How does Merton criticsise Parsons' anaylasis of the organic analogy?Merton argues that it is possible for parts of society to be dysfunctional and have harmful effects.
- 10What is Value consesnsus?Parsons-
Social order which is achieved through a central value system or shared culture. A set of norms and values shared by mebers of a society. The glue that holds society together. - 11Suggested by Parsons, what are the two mechanisms of the social system that ensure individuals conform to shared norms and values ?Socialisation - through institutions such as the family. Internalises the systems norms and values so society becomes part of their personality structure.
Social Control - reward conformity and punish deviance. - 12Socialisation and social contol ensure individuals are orientated towards meeting society's shared goals.By following social norms individuals norms will be PREDICTABLE and STABLE enabling cooperation.
- 13What is social change?Social change is the gradual, evolutionary process of increasing complexity.
- 14What was the single institution within traditional society?Kinship, this performed many functions such as political leadership, socialisation, and religious functions.
As society develops this is lost to things like political parties, school .etc - 15Define structural differentiation.A gradual process in which seperate functionally specialised institutions develop, each meeting different needs.
This occurs through moving equilibrium. A change occurs one place and compensation change in another part.
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- A Level Sociology Fichas sobre Sociology Unit 4 Theory and Methods, creado por Luke Wren el 20/04/2015.
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- Luke Wren
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