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chapter 5 book
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- 1infection preventionset of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease
- 2microorganism (MO)living thing that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope
- 3microbeanother name for a microorganism,
- 4infectionsoccur when harmful microorganisms called pathogen
- 5pathogensinvade the body and multiply
- 6there are two main types of infectionslocalized and systemic infection
- 7localized infection (give example)an infection that is limited to a specific locations in the body
If a wound becomes infected, the area around it would become red, swell, warm, and painful - 8systemic infection (give example)affect the entire body. travels through bloodstream and spread throughout the body
fever, chills, or mental confusion - 9healthcare -associated infectiona type of infection that can be localized and systemic infection.
acquired in healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care. - 10list the signs and symptoms of localized infection1. pain
2. redness
3. swell
4.pus
5.drainage
6.heat - 11list the signs and symptoms of systemic infection1. fever
2. body aches
3. chills
4. nausea
5. vomit
6. weakness
7. headache
8. mental confusion
9. drop in blood pressure - 12the chain of infectionway of describing how disease is transmitted from one human being to another
- 13list the chain of infection links1. causative agent
2. reservoir
3. portal of exit
4. mode of transmission
5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host - 14chain link1. causative agentpathogenic microorganism that cause disease.
ex) very small in skin, in food, in the air, and in water
includes bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasite - 15normal floramicroorganism that live in and on the body without harm.if they enter percuilar area then it could cause infection
- 16chain link 2: reservoir location? ideal environment?where pathogen lives and multiples
can live in a human, animal, plant, soil, or substance.
warm, dark, moist environment to live , grow. they can live without breathing such as lungs, blood, and the large intestine - 17chain link 3: the portal of exitany body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave.
ex)
droplets from mouth and nose, saliva, feces, vomit, blood, pus, drainage wounds, urine, semen) - 18chain link 4: mode of transmissiondescribes how the pathogen travels. transmission occur through the air or through direct (touching person) and indirect contact (touching object)
- 19chain link 5: portal of entryany body opening that allows pathogens to enter. ex)cuts, cracked skin, mucous memranes
- 20mucous membranes (part of chain link:5)membranes that line bosy cavities that open to the outside of the body.
ex) nose, mouth, food, fluids, penis,vagina, urinary tract, a bite, wounds, acne, non-intact skin - 21chain link 6: susceptible hostan uninfected person who become ill.
Ex) healthcare workers who is not already infection with that particular disease - 22if one of the links in the chain of infection is brokenthen the spread of infections is stopped
- 23infection prevention practices help stop pathogens from travelingchain link 4
- 24reduce of person changes of getting sick from diseases such as hep B and influenzachain link 6
- 25what is the most important way to stop the spread of infectionhandwashing
- 26medical asepsisrefers to measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens. medical asepsis is used in all healthcare settings
(handwashing is part of it) - 27surgical asepsisknown as sterile technique, makes an object or area completely free of all microorganisms
- 28weakened immune system can result whatresult from chronic illnesses.
- 29physical changes of aging can resultdecreased blood circulation and slow would healing
- 30malnutritionnot eating enough
- 31malnutrition and dehydration can result fromdifficulty swallowing, lack of appetite and thirst, illnesses, weakness, and medication
- 32both dehydration and malnutrition can resultinfection an serious conditions
- 33what can cause if elderly may have limited mobilityfor serious problems, pressure injuries, skin infections, and pneumonia
- 34difficulty swallowing and incontinence increase risk ofurinary tract infection, tract infection
- 35occupational safety and health administrationis a federal government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job.
- 36centers for disease control and preventionfederal government agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve the health of individuals and communities
- 37CDC aims to prevent and control,___________?disease, injury, and disability, as well as promote public health
- 38there are two levels of precautions within the CDC infection prevention system:standard precautions and transmission based precautions
- 39standard precautions used for what?treating blood, body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes. They do not include saliva.
used for every resident: this promotes safety - 40whats the way for standard precautions and transmission based precautions?by interrupting the mode of transmission
- 41transmission based precautionsbased on how an infection is tranmitted
- 427 list examples of standard precautions1.wash your hands
2.wear gloves
3.immediately wash all skin surfaces that have been contaminated
4. wear disposable gown, wear mask and goggles
5. never recap needles or sharps, carefully bog all contaminated supplies
6.clearly label body fluids that are being saved,
7.dispose of contaminated wastes accoding to policy - 43hand hygienewashing hands with either plain, anitseptic, or alchohal wipes
- 44antimicrobialdestroys, resists, or prevent the development of pathogens
- 45what should NA avoid while workingrings, bracelets (risk of contamination)
- 46NA should wash their hands at these time (7 lists)1. first arriving at work
2. before, between, and after all contact with resident
3. before putting gloves and removing
4. after contact resident room
5. leaving the facility
6. after cough or sneezing
7. before getting clean linen - 47Person Protective Equipment PPEequipment that helps protect empolyees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazard
- 48non-intact skinskin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples,lesions
(wear gloves) - 49cleanhas not been contaminated with pathogens
- 50dirtycontaminated with pathogens
- 51disinfectionprocess that kills pathogens but does not destroy all pathogens.
carried out with pasteurization and chemical germicides
examples) reusuable oxygen tanks, wall mounted blood pressure cuffs, and reusable resident care equipment - 52sterilizationdestroys whole pathogens
ex) surgical asepsis through the use of machine and devices - 53spores?part of sterilization.
forming microorganisms are a special group of organisms that produce a protect covering that is difficult to penetrate. - 54autoclaveis a machine that sterilizes objects by using hot steam under pressure
- 55true or false liquid or gas chemicals and dry heat are other ways to sterilize objectstrue
- 566 guidelines handing, equipment, linen, and clothing1. handle all equipment in a way that prevents (contamination, ski/mucous, transfer of disease)
2. do not use reusable equipment until it has been properly cleaned and reprocessed
3.dispose of all single use, or disposable, equipment properly
4. clean and disinfect
5. bag soiled linen at the point of origin
6. place wet linen in leakproof bags - 578guidelines cleaning spills involving blood, body fluids, or glass1. notify the department about the spill
2. if you need to clean, don gloves immediately
3. first, absorb the fill
4. scoop up the absorbed spill and dispose
5. apply the proper disinfectant to the spill area and allow it stand wet for 10mins
6. clean up spills with the proper solution
7. use dustpan for sharp objects
8. sharp or body fluids in properly bagged - 58three types of transmission based precautions1. airborne precautions:
2. droplet precautions
3. contact precautions dfd - 59contact precautions included -___________ and __________ and resident ____________wearing gloves, gown, and isolation
- 60guidelines isolation1. wear PPE
2. do not share equipment between resident
3. residents need to feel that their circumstances and feelings are appreciated and understood by members of the care team - 61bloodborne pathogensmicroorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease in humans
- 62how does bloodborne pathogen transmitted?by infected blood entering the bloodstream, infected semen, vaginal secretions contact mucous membranes. sexual activity
- 63what are some methods to prevent transmission of bloodbornestandard precautions, handwashing, isolation, and using PPE
- 64Can NA still hug and touch a resident even though they have bloodborne pathogenyes!
- 65what are two major bloodborne diseases in the USare acquired immune deficiency syndrome which AIDs and viral hepatitis family
- 66How does HIV makes body cannot effectively fight infections?HIV weakens the immune system
- 67what's the final stage of HIVaids which lose all ability to fight infection and can die from illnesses
- 68hepatitisinflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma
- 69whats the most common types of hepatitisA, B, C hepatitis
B and C can cause death - 70Hep B symptoms? 8bloodborne disease (it is spread through sexual contact)
loss of appetite
diarrhea and vomit
fatigue
jaundice yellow eye skin
pain in muscles, joints, and stomach
liver damage
liver cancer
death - 71Hep Aresult of fecal oral contamination which mean through food or water contaminated from poop
- 72Hep Ctransmitted through blood or body fluids can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer
- 73OSHA bloodborne pathogens standardrequires healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards
- 744 significant exposure from employeesinjection, muscous membrane contact, a cut from an object , having nonintact skin
- 755 guidelines employers must follow include the following1.employers must have written exposure control plan (designed to eliminate or reduce employee exposure to infectious material
2. provide PEE to visitors, employers
3.make biohazard containers available to dispose and hazards
4.must provide free hep B vaccine
5. must provide in service training on bloodborne pathogens and updates to all employees - 76tuberculosis or TB how? where does it affect ?highly contagious disease caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Carried on droplets in the air (cough, talking, laugh, sneezes)
affect lung - 77what are two types of TB?latent TB infection(does not spread and does not show symptoms), TB disease (shows symptoms, can be very contagious)
- 7810 symptoms of TBfatigue
loss of appetite
weight loss
slight fever
night sweats
prolonged coughing
coughing up blood
chest pain
shortness of breath
trouble breathing - 79Multidrug-resistant TBform of TB that is caused by an organism that is resistant to medication that is used to treat TB
- 80guidelines for TB1, PEE
2. special care when handling sputum
3. isolation room
4. follow isolation procedure
5. help the resident to take all medications prescribed - 81two types of MDRO (multidrug-resistant organisms)MRSA (anitbiotic resistant to methicillin, spread by direct contact w people n objects )
VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus, spread by direct and indirect)
Make sure to wash hands to prevent these types !!! - 82clostridium difficile (who are more risked to get this , signs?)spore forming bacterium which can be part of the normal intestinal flora.
elders are high riskers
signs: foul-smelling, watery stools - 83what are some responsibilities for infection prevention?1. immediately report any exposure to infection, blood, or body fluids
2.participate in annual education programs covering the prevention of infection
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- Fichas sobre chapter 5 book, creado por Alice Sonic el 22/09/2020.
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