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Strange situation evaluation and cultural variations
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- 1Strange Situation- Evaluation (Validity)Validity- Some people would argue that children behave differently with different parents, although Bowlby would argue that the primary attachment is the most important and forms the basis for all other attachments. There has, however, been support for this study as main attachment types have been identified. Lab conditions have also been used, meaning there is low ecological validity.
- 2Strange Situation- evaluation (Reliability)Reliability of the SSS has been measured using the inter-observer reliability. From this, Ainsworth found an almost perfect agreement of 0.94 out of 1.00 suggesting that the SSS is very reliable.
- 3Strange Situation- Evaluation (Ethics)The SSS intends to cause mild stress, and Ainsworth said that this was not more distressing than real life experiences. However, in episode 6, 20% of infants cried desperately.
- 4Ijzendoorn And Kroonenberg 1998- AO1Procedures- carried out a meta analysis in which they analysed the results of 32 separate countries to look at differences in attachment types both between and within cultures. In total, over 2000 babies were studied making it a substantial piece of research. In all studies, babies were classed using Ainsworth's system of A,B and C.
Secure- they were the most common form in all cultures surveyed. The lowest proportion of secure attachments was China with 50%, while the highest were Great Britain and Sweden with around 75% each.
Avoidant- was the most common in West Germany than other western cultures. Avoidant was very rare in Israel and Japan. More common in individualistic countries.
Ambivalent- was more common in Japan, Israel and China. Scandinavian countries such as Sweden rate apart from Great Britain with 2.8%. More common in collectivist countries.
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