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Geography semester 1 exam study notes
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- 1what is an east coast low?an intense low-pressure system
- 2how does an east coast low form?ex-tropical cyclones, develop offshore with a pre-existing trough of low pressure
- 3how are east coast lows dangerous?they can cause gale or storm force winds, heavy rainfall, flooding, falling trees
- 4how often do east coast lows occur?each year there are 10 significant lows
- 5difference between an east coast low and a tropical cyclonetropical cyclones develop over warm tropical waters, East coast lows are driven by temperature gradient
- 6define cold front?the boundary of an advancing mass of cold air, in particular the trailing edge of the warm sector of a low pressure system
- 7define trough?an elongated area of low pressure
- 8define ridge?an area of a high pressure system
- 9define isobars?a line which connects places of equal atmospheric air pressure.
- 10define contour lines?A line on a map connecting places with equal height above sea level.
- 11define ground level photographs?taken from a ground level
- 12define oblique aerial photographs?taken from an aircraft with the camera pointing at an oblique angle to the earth's surface.
- 13define satellite images?Created from data collected from satellites that orbit the earth.
- 14define vertical aerial photographstaken from an aircraft with a camera pointing directly towards the earth's surface.
- 15aboriginal's belief in the dream-timeanswers the aboriginals life questions.
- 16geographical origins200 million years ago Australia was connected to Antarctica, continental drift caused Australia to break off Antarctica.
- 17evidence all continents were once one giant land mass.fossils found in particular continents are also found in other continents.
- 18Why does Australia have no volcanoes or earthquakes?Because Australia is located in the center of a large tectonic plate.
- 19Eastern Highlandsthey cover 10% of the continent, they are 200 km wide in Australia's east coast, they are rugged and consist of folded and igneous rock.
- 20Western Plateauit covers 2/3 of the continent, it consists of huge, stable rock of ancient igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is also very arid.
- 21coastal plainsthey extend along the eastern edge of the continent, and they are very dense.
- 22Central lowlandsthey occupy 1/4 of the land, and they are 200m above sea level.
- 23why is lake Eyre so significant?-largest lake in Australia
-Lowest point in Australia
-Located in the deserts of central Australia
-a 1.5 meter flood occurs every three years - 24what are soils made from?inorganic and organic materials
- 25Australia's climate pattern1. A hot-wet zone in the tropical north
2. A hot-dry zone in the center and on the west coast
3. A zone of moderate temperatures and rainfall on the eastern and southern coast - 26what is an el nino?Atmospheric pressure abnormally high
- 27What is an el Nina?Atmospheric pressure abnormally low
- 28Australia's vegetation is dominated by?-eucalypts
-wattles
-casuarinas
-hummock grasses
-banksias - 29eucalypt characteristics-well adapted to dry conditions
-leaves are an adaption to low-nutrient soils and dry conditions
-dominates the better weather regions - 30wet sclerophyll forests-eucalypts dominate
-occupy most gullies - 31mallee woodlands-stunted mutli-stemmed eucalupts adapted to drought and fire
-regenerate quickly after rainfall
-cleared for agri-culture - 32Eucalypt woodlands-mix of eucalypts and grass lands
- 33Dry sclerophyll forests-suits low nutrient soils, drought
-regenarates after fires - 34what are 'bolts'?-boarder
-orientation
-legend
-title
-scale - 35changes of Australia's population1. less people living in rural areas
2. People living in WA, Qld and NT have increased
3. Regional variations in population growth rates - 36Reasons for aging population1. changes in immigration
2. birth rates decreasing
3. increasing life expectancy - 37over the next four decades how much will Australia's population grow?60%
- 38every five years how many people get added to Australia's population?1 million
- 39by 2050 what will the population beit will grow by seven million
- 40disadvantages for Aboriginal people-death rate 35-54
-emloyement rates are lower
-3 times the amount of indigenous homeless people than there are non-indigenous
-represent 24% of all prisons - 41benefits of immigration1.diversity
2.globalisation
3.relationships with other countries
4.social inclusion - 42define multi-culturismthe co-existance of diverse cultures
- 43factors contributing to the developement of a sense of communityeconomic status, rural+urban identity, socio-economic status, gender, schools, convenience, ethnic background, occupation, age, intereset groups.
- 44the role of school-major focus=socialising
-leisure time=relationship organisations
-children enrolled at the schools their parents went to. - 45the role of school-major focus=socialising
-leisure time=relationship organisations
-children enrolled at the schools their parents went to. - 46ethnic backgrounds-domination from teenagers with patricular ethnic backgrounds
-relevant in immigrant communities that have been in Australia for the briefest time
-group members feeling a sense of belonging
-stereo-typrical reputations grow - 47neighbouhoodneighbout hood focus
local schools - 48Australia's major landforms and drainage basinswester plateau, central lowlands, easter highlands
- 49What is a drainage basin?A drainage basin is an area of land that is drained by a river and it's tributaries.
- 50what are the origins of the continent?1.geographical 2.Aboriginal
- 51most important mineral exportsgold bauxite iron
- 52how many Australian minerals are exportedmore than 80%
- 53topographich maps?detailed map of the surface features of land, including the mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps.
- 54choropleth map?A thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map.
- 55Sypnoctic map/chart?Provides information on the distribution, movement and patterns of air pressure, rainfall, wind and temperature.
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- highschool Geography Fichas sobre Geography semester 1 exam study notes, creado por dgeorgiag el 15/05/2015.
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- dgeorgiag
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