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Chapter 2 Stress and Coping
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- 1The non-specific mental or somatic result of any demand upon the body is defined as?Stress
- 2Strategies that an individual employs to deal with stresses caused by the ever- changing demands of the environment are defined as?Coping
- 3The degree to which an individual (or community) understands the effects of stress is the textbook definition of:Stress Literacy
- 4People use their lived experiences, beliefs, as well as their specific experiences with stress and coping, to shape and articulate their ____________of stress and copingunderstanding
- 5Schwarzer and Luszczynska “there is little agreement among researchers about the definition of stress” They identify "three approaches" that can be taken in the study of Stress:• response based,
• stimulus based
• and cognitive-transactional - 6The originator of the biological concept of the term stressHans Salye
- 7“the nonspecific result of any demand upon the body, be the effect mental or somatic” is defined by ________ about stressHans Salye
- 8He coined the term ''eustress'' to reflect a positive yet stressful experienceHans Salye
- 9(like its related word euphoria) ________is a state of physical and psychological well-being that is associated with increased motivation and the acceptance of challengeEustress
- 10Selye argued that a ''sense of balance'' is essential, that we function best when stress is used to produce __________level of arousalan ''optimal level'' of arousal
- 11Hans Selye described stress as“the spice of life”
- 12Selye initially observed a consistent pattern of responses in rats when these animals were exposed to diverse noxious stimuli. He called this a _________response.“stereotypic response,”
- 13If the organism survived this initial attack, (Selye) identified an "adaptive phase or rebound effect" that occurs, which he called the stage of ________.“the stage of resistance.”
- 14The Canadian Medical Hall of Fame described Dr. Hans Selye as the father of the field of stress research, having gained worldwide recognition for introducing the concept of _______ in a __________context.introducing the concept of stress in a medical context
- 15Selye's theories on "the role of organic responses to emotion, illness and injury", have revolutionized our understanding of ______ and______ of disease and of the mind-body connection.causes and mechanisms
- 16___________introduced the concept of ''homeostasis''Walter Cannon
- 17_________describes the body’s attempt to maintain a stable internal state''homeostasis''
- 18For Walter Cannon, the fight or flight response was an _________adaptation that developed over timeevolutionary
- 19___________expressed concern about the implications for physical illness through the continuous activation of the fight-or-flight reaction in response to the chronic pressures and demands of the contemporary world.Walter Cannon
- 20Taylor et al. (2000) challenged the concept of the fight or flight response with ________component.the female behavioural component
- 21The female behavioural component of the Fight or Flight involves __________and __________ behaviours."Social'' and ''Nurturant'' behaviours
- 22social and nurturant behaviour responses are described as_________ and ________ behaviours.“tend and befriend”
- 23Example: Following a natural disaster, the ______response would include providing food, drinks, and emotional support. Whereastend
- 24Example: the ______response would include establishing social networks such as rallying people together to help with the relief causebefriend
- 25''Tending'' is associated with_________ activitiesNurturing
- 26"Befriending" involves establishing______ networksSocial
- 27For Taylor et al. there’s more of a__________ component to stress and coping"bio-behavioural"
- 28This attachment– caregiving response in females may be triggered by __________responses to stress"neuroendocrine" responses
- 29Cannon states this theory is described as “a __________alternative to the fight-or-flight response”"a bio-behavioral alternative"
- 30Taylor and Sirois state, that this approach emphasizes ________behaviour in the stress process as “we are affiliative creatures who respond to stress collectively, as well as individually, and these responses are characteristic of men as well as women”"social" behaviour
- 31Rice, describes several distinct meanings attached to stress...one has to do with _______causes"external" causes
- 32(Rice)The environmental demands placed upon us that cause us to feel stressed are described as ________"external" causes
- 33(Rice)The environmental demands placed upon us that cause us to feel stressed. These should be described as ______ , rather than stress"Stressors"
- 34It is in response to these "external stressors" that we invoke • It is in response to these external stressors that we invoke _______strategies to reduce their impact to reduce their impact"coping strategies"
- 35Stress allows us to react "cognitively" to _______, _______, or______ "the impact" of external eventsdiminish, augment, or distort
- 36Another term used in this context(question above) is , ______which describes "the long-term consequences of exposure to stress" and can result in "physiological problems", such as cardiovascular disease; psychological concerns, such as depression; and cognitive concerns"strain"
- 37Rice, points out that even though stress may be a ________experience, we frequently use "physical terms" to explain its impact"subjective experience"
- 38When we speak of being on the “edge” of a breakdown, or of feeling the “weight” of the world, or of not being sure that we can cope with “the pressure”, or of “exploding” if we are exposed to any more stress this is an example of:Using physical terms to explain the subjective experience of stress
- 39Regardless of our personal views of what stress feels like, the fact is that stress imposes a __________ challenge that, if prolonged, can result in a decreased capacity to cope "physiologically"a "physiological" challenge
- 40A Great Canadian (Hans Selye) has been described as “the grand master of ________research and _______"stress" research and "theory"
- 41Selye published "The Stress of Life", in which he translated the concept of stress for the layperson. He wrote another book "Stress without Distress", which he wrote to help us better understand the impact of ________response on humans throughout their lifespansThe impact of the "stress" response on humans throughout their lifespans
- 42_________was a scientist, trained as both "a physician" and an "endocrinologist"Hans Selye
- 43(The Physiology of Stress) There are two major components of the physical response to stress—the _______ system and the_______ systemthe "nervous" system and the "endocrine" system
- 44__________system is one of "two major components of the physical response to stress"; made up of the "central nervous system" and the "peripheral nervous system"Nervous system
- 45___________is a system of the body that controls glandular responses to stress; responds more slowly than the nervous system but the effects can persist for weeks. (like a slow burning candle)Endocrine system
- 46The nervous system is composed of two divisions, they are:"Central nervous system" and "Peripheral nervous system"
- 47The division of the nervous system that is made up of the brain and the spinal cord"Central nervous system"
- 48The division of the nervous system that is made up of the "somatic nervous system" (responsible for voluntary controls- I want to pick up a cup of coffee) and the "autonomic nervous system" (involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, urination, and sexual arousal)"Peripheral nervous system"
- 49Autonomic nervous system (involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, urination, and sexual arousal) which is further divided into the ______ and _______ nervous systems"sympathetic" and "parasympathetic" nervous systems
- 50___________ is responsible for fight or flight response"sympathetic nervous system"
- 51____________is responsible for returning the body to a balanced state"parasympathetic nervous system"
- 52Rest and Digest OR Feed and Breath, these are terms used to describe the ________________systemparasympathetic nervous system
- 53"The physiology of stress" creates a highly complex response that begins when an individual perceives a _______, real or ________a threat, real or imagined
- 54The "perception" of stress mobilizes the body to act through two interrelated systems:1. Sympathetic Adrenomedullary (SAM) system
2. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis - 55The sympathetic adrenomedullary (SAM) system in which the _________system and the ________are most important- the sympathetic nervous system
- the adrenal medulla - 56The SAM system initiates the body’s rapid fight-or-flight response to stress through the release of __________and _________ from the adrenal medulla as mediated by the ____________nervous systemadrenaline and noradrenaline
sympathetic nervous system - 57Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are _________ for adrenaline and noradrenalinesynonyms
- 58The hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, which initiates a response in the____________Hypothalamus
- 59The HPA system is a ________ response to stress that attempts to _______the initial impact of stress and _______ the body to a balanced state- a delayed response
- minimize
-restore - 60It involves activation of the _______ cortex and the secretion of ________, the most important of which is _______- the adrenal cortex
-corticosteroids
- cortisol - 61The key feature of the HPA system is the release of stress homornes, primarily __________Cortisol
- 62The levels of circulating _________in the blood and saliva frequently serve as a physiological indicator of _________- cortisol
- stress - 63—
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- 2036B Health Psychology 2036B Fichas sobre Chapter 2 Stress and Coping, creado por C Stinson el 26/01/2021.
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- C Stinson
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