Fichas
B2 Engineering Ethics
Fichas del conjunto (36)
- 1What event may have caused engineers to required chartered status?Tay Rail Bridge Collapse
engineer - Thomas Bouch
collapse 1 year after construction
78 Killed - 2Discuss the ethical issues the Ford Pinto Scandal brings into question.Quick fix for $11 per vehicle
Cost benefit analysis used
27 fatalities - 3Who is responsible for the Ford Pinto Scandal?original design engineers didn't identify risks
Engineers at ford who didn't make trial results publicly available - 4Discuss issues with the CitiGroup centre building constructed in Manhattan in 1977.LeMessurier designed for once in 200 year storm (acc 1/16 year)
Subcontractor bolted girders instead of welding them.
LeMessurier didn't consider wind loads in different directions. - 5Who was responsible for the CitiGroup problem?Engineering supervising subcontractor who bolted instead of welded girders.
LeMessurier (incompetence in design). - 6What are defining attributes of a professional?Mastered skill
Use Judgement and exercise discretion
extensive, long-term education
some societies have professional standards
Sometimes membership to societies - 7What three groups can accidents be divided into?Engineering - incompetence, construction, poor materials.
Systematic - complexity arises from interrelated mechanisms
Procedural - human failure - 8Who won the contract to supply boosters for space shuttle challenger?Morton-thiokol
- 9Who notified senior management about the O-ring integrity?Bob Ebeling
- 10What was the political climate surrounding the space shuttle challenger disaster?Prior delays put NASA under pressure
(funding and launch pad required for subsequent launch)
President Reagan - 11Who were the SRB construction engineers?Roger Boisjoly, Arnold Thompson, Robert ebeling
- 12What are the four fundamental principles stated by the royal academy of engineers?1. Professional engineers - duty to acquire and use wisely the knowledge relevant to work in the service of others.
2. Adopt highest standards of professional conduct, openness, fairness, and honesty.
3. Give due weight to relevant law, facts and published guidance and public interest.
4. Aspire to high standards of leadership, demonstrate seeking to serve wider society and sensitive to public concerns. - 13What are the fundamental cannons of the american society of civil engineers (ASCE)?1. safety, health and welfare of the public.
2. Strive to comply with principles of sustainable development.
3. competence.
3. Issue public statements in objective and truthful manner.
4. avoid conflicts of interest.
5. Build professional reputation on merit and do not compete unfairly with others.
6. avoid bribery, fraud, corruption.
7. provide opportunities for professional development. - 14What is UtilitarianismThose actions that are good serve to maximise the benefit to society as a whole and do not promote the wellbeing of the individual.
Integrate total affect over the population and decide on action if net effect is positive with disregard to the outcome for the indivdiual. - 15What are duty ethics?Based on principle we are all bound by moral duties to one another, animals and the environment. Duties more obvious in a culturally and religiously uniform society.
1. don't knowingly physically harm others.
2. don't steal.
3. be honest
Criticism of this are that morals are culturally bound. Relativistic morality is an emotive topic. Strict application doesn't account for the greater good. - 16What is rights ethics?If I have rights, you have those same rights.
Wellbeing of the individual is held paramount (contrasting utilitarianism). - 17What is virtue ethics?Being virtuous involves abiding by a set of virtues. These are:
competence
honesty
courage
fairness
loyalty
humility
Criticisms:
open to deception, too vague, and contradiction of virtues. - 18Who owned the Bhopal Gas plant?Union Carbide Indian Ltd. (UCIL)
- 19What did the Bhopal plant primarily make and was ingredient was required?Pesticide Carbaryl - toxic to humans and carcinogenic.
Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) - 20How did the Bhopal Gas Tragedy occur?1000L of water accidently pumped into tank 610
MIC highly reactive with water
Pressure relief valve burst
500k people exposed to toxic fumes
low exposure - coughing, chest pains
High exposure - severe breathing difficulties, permanent throat and ung damage, burnign of eyes and skin, death - 21What was the consequence of the Bhopal Tragedy?Thousands dead
sample drinking water 2004 had contamination levels 500x higher than max limits recommended by WHO
$470M for damages - 22Who/what is responsible for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy?Cost-cutting strategy of UCIL
Differences in cultural working practices
Fare tower and gas scrubbers out of service for 5 months before leak. - 23What decision making processes exist?Line Drawing
MCA - 24What engineering constraints may have to be considered when faced with ethical issues?legal & regulatory issues
societal impact
balance of risks
company profits
marketing and image
moral integrity - 25What do the national society of professional engineers (NSPE) say you can be disciplined for if you fail to fulfil your legal obligations for?responsibility to public welfare
Signing and sealing design documents conforming to accepted engineering standards
avoidance of conflicts of interest - 26What is Fledderman's definition of a bribe?a bribe is something, such as money or a favour, offered or given to someone in a position of trust in order to induce them to act dishonestly
- 27What is Fledderman's definition of a conflict of interest?a conflict of interest arises when an interest, if pursued, could keep a professional from meeting on of their obligations
- 28What three categories of conflict are there?actual conflict - impartiality compromised as actual situation establishes a real dilemma.
Potential conflict - suspect judgements at some stage may become threatened by bias
appearance of conflict - 29What instruments of law exist to protect IP?patents
copyright protection
agreements to license
royalties
trademarks
NDA
Current law defined by 1988 copyright, designs and patents act - 30What is fundamental canon 1 and guideline "e" - ASCE?Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall
strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development in the performance of
their professional duties.
e. Engineers should seek opportunities to be of constructive service in civic affairs and
work for the advancement of the safety, health and well-being of their communities, and
the protection of the environment through the practice of sustainable development. - 31What is internal whistleblowing?report concerns about unethical behaviour to immediate supervisor
Suspected malpractice is kept within the company - 32What is external whistleblowing?report to external body
generally media but can be government, societies or institutions
evidence shows anonymous claims are easily discredited
only carry out with strong evidence due to risk to personal life
balance personal risk with professional obligation - 33When is it appropriate to blow the whistle according to Fledderman's book?Need
Proximity
Capability
Last Resort - 34What barriers are there to ethical decision making?Macro-ethics
Micro-ethics - 35Give two examples of why failures occurCrisis-oriented perspective
Cost-oriented perspective - 36According the article by B.M. Beamon, what different levels of ethical responsibility are there?1. Minimalist - objective is to avoid blame and liability
2. Reasonable Care - evaluate risk associated with a technology and provide proportional protection to society
3. Good works - devote his or her own time to examine potential hazards and take extraordinary steps to safeguard against those hazards
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- Cambridge B2 Fichas sobre B2 Engineering Ethics, creado por Jacob Holmes el 30/05/2022.
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- Jacob Holmes
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