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Brain Terms

Julia Morneau Inglés 65 fichas

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1AmygdalaInvolved in memory, decision making, and emotional responses; lies inferior and lateral to basal nuclei
2Arachnoid GranulationsLocation where excess CSF returns to the blood; out-pocketings of the arachnoid matter that penetrate the dural venous sinsuses that surround the brain.
3Autonomic CentersLocated in the medulla oblongata; regulates reflex centers for the gastrointestinal tract (in addition to cardiovascular/respiratory centers)
4Arbor VitaeTree-like branching pattern of the white matter in the cerebellum
5Association TractsFound within the cerebrum; connect one part of the hemisphere to adjacent regions (of the same hemisphere)
6Basal NucleiLocated near the lateral ventricles deep in the cerebral hemispheres; 2 nuclei per hemisphere; gray matter clusters with multiple functions involving regulation of movement initiation and coordinated control of antagonistic muscle pairs; separated by the internal capsule
7Cardiovascular CentersLocated in the medulla oblongata; regulates heart rate and blood vessel diameter
8Cerebellar HemispheresTwo hemispheres that contain an outer cortex and inner white matter; white matter contains arbor vitae; hemispheres are separated by the vermis
9Cerebellar PedunclesLarge bundles that allow information to travel from the pons to the cerebellum
10CerebellumContains outer cortex and inner white matter with a midline lobe (vermis); calculates coordinated movements of the body: receives information from the cerebral hemispheres about the intent to initiate movements; from below, receives about the body's position from sensory receptors
11Cerebral AqueductPassageway that travels through the midbrain and connects with the fourth ventricle; passageway for CSF
12Cerebral CortexA
13Cerebral PedunclesLarge bundles that contain projection tracts; permit communication between cerebral hemispheres and lower parts of CNS
14Choroid PlexusesSpecialized blood vessels that produce CSF and allows it to enter the ventricles.
15Commissural TractsConnects the right and left side of the brain.
16Corpora QuadrigeminaFormed from the superior colliculi and the inferior colliculi
17Corpus CallosumBundle of white matter axons that communicate between cerebral hemispheres; largest commissural tract where neurons cross hemispheres; located at the midline of the brain
18CortexA
19DiencephalonA
20Dural Venous SinusesSub-layer of the dura mater; function as veins to drain blood away from the brain and scalp; absorbs CSF into blood that is collected by arachnoid granulations
21Dura MaterSuperficial layer of meninges; fibrous membrane that is resilient; contains 2 sub-layers to form dural venous sinuses
22FissuresMajor grooves on the cerebrum; result in folding patterns that create a large surface area of the brain and many sunapses
23Fourth VentriclesLarge, diamond-shaped extension found between the pons and cerebellum; narrows inferiorly to join the central canal of the medulla and spinal cord; Passageway for CSF
24Frontal LobeA
25GyriRidges; result in folding patterns that create a large surface area of the brain and many sunapses
26HippocampusInvolved in spatial memory and navigation; lies inferior and lateral to basal nuclei
27HypothalamusLocated in the diencephalon and below the thalamus; contains nuclei of the ANS, pituitary, body temperature, sleep cycle, and emotional control; responds to stimuli in the brain by releasing hormones that control the pituitary gland
28Inferior ColliculiNuclei on the posterior midbrain; recieve auditory information and coordinate reflexive actions in response to sounds
29Insular LobeTucked away within the lateral sulcus; location of the primary gustatory cortex
30Internal CapsuleLarge bundle of projection and association tracts with neurons heading to and from the cerebral cortex; separates the 2 basal nuclei
31Interventricular ForamenFormed from one of two lateral ventricles, and opens to the third ventricle.
32Lateral SulcusDzeep fissure in each hemisphere that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
33Lateral VentriclesTwo; Lie within the cerebral hemisphere and are separated by the septum pellucidum. Each ventricle leads into an interventricular foramen.
34Limbic SystemA
35Longitudinal FissureSeparates the right and left hemispheres.
36Medulla OblongataContains nuclei that send and receive information for the ANS; contains medullary pyramids
37Medullary PyramidsLarge ridges on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata; contains two ridges; contains descending corticospinal tract
38MeningesSeries of membranes that surround the brain; dura mater (divided into dural venous sinuses), arachnoid mater, pia mater, and subarachnoid space
39MidbrainNarrow region between the pons and thalamus; contains some nuclei and lots of white matter
40Multimodal Association AreasDomains found throughout the cortex that integrate inputs from multiple senses; allow us to make meaning of the information we receive; example: prefrontal cortex
41Neural TubeHollow tube that forms four weeks following fertilization; beginning of the brain and spinal cord and forms all neurons; walls become neurons and glial cells; hollow cavity becomes the central canal in the spinal cord and interconnected variables of the brain
42NucleiA
43Occipital LobeLocation of the primary visual cortex;
44Parietal LobeLocation of the primary gustatory cortex;
45Parieto-occipital SulcusDivides the parietal and occipital lobes.
46Pia MaterA
47Pituitary GlandSuspended from the hypothalamus; produces hormones in response to those released by the hypothalamus; hormones control the thyroid, adrenal cortex, liver, and reproductive function
48PonsContains tracts of white matter; tracts pass information either to the cerebral peduncles or to the cerebellum via cerebellar peduncles
49Precentral GyrusLocated on the frontal lobe of each hemisphere; site of the primary motor cortex
50Prefrontal CortexMultimodal association area; important in social interactions and personality
51Primary Somatosensory CortexReceives information from the senses related to touch, temperature, and pain; not involved with special senses
52Projection TractsConnect higher and lower regions of the CNS; can be ascending or descending (dep on information flow; ex. interneurons in corticospinal/spinothalamic tracts
53Respiratory CentersLocated in the medulla oblongata; regulates depth and rate of breathing
54Reticular FormationA
55Septum PellucidumThin membrane that separates the two lateral ventricles within the cerebral hemisphere.
56Subarachnoid SpaceLocation where CSF flows around the brain; CSF provides protection as a cushion that can absorb forces that impact the skull and vertebral column
57SulciGrooves on the cerebrum; Ridges; result in folding patterns that create a large surface area of the brain and many synapses
58Superior ColliculiNuclei on the posterior side of the midbrain; initiate visual reflexes (coordination of eye/head movement when tracking objects)
59Temporal LobeLocation of the primary auditory and olfactory cortex
60ThalamusLocated in the diencephalon; Two halves with third ventricle in between; relay station that serves as the synapse site for sensory pathways
61Third VentricleFound within the diencephalon, and narrows inferiorly to form the cerebral aqueduct.
62VentriclesSeries of chambers that travel down the brain's embryological center to the spinal cord. Found deep within the brain. Contain CSF to distribute nourishment and provide protection.
63VermisMidline lobe at the center of the cerebellum
64Central SulcusDivides the frontal and parietal lobes.
65Pineal GlandLocated in the diencephalon; Produces melatonin to prepare the brain for sleep