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Arguments for the existence of God: Aquinas, Anselm, key terms
Fichas del conjunto (38)
- 1equivocalA term that has a variety of different meanings
- 2univocalA term that has only one meaning.
- 3analogycomparison between two objects, or systems of objects, that highlights respects in which they are thought to be similar
- 4premiseproposition one offers in support of a conclusion
- 5conclusiona judgment or decision reached by reasoning.
- 6philosophya way of life, universal questions
- 7metaphysicsbranch of philosophy that deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concepts such as being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space
- 8a prioriknowledge or justification is independent of experience, as with mathematics (2+2=4), tautologies ("All bachelors are unmarried"), and deduction from pure reason (e.g., ontological proofs).
a superior cause - 9a posterioridependent on experience or empirical evidence, as with most aspects of science (evolution) and personal knowledge.
a secondary effect - 10Anselm of Canterbury1033-1104
- 11Thomas Aquinas1224 - 1274
- 12JP's Three Stances1) Philosophy
2) Christian philosophy
3) philosophy when theology calls on it - 13cosmologicalfrom the universal
- 14tellologicalgives nature structure
- 15ontologicalfrom concept of God (priori(
- 16moral argumentsethical normity (posteriori)
- 17syllogismno logical fallacy, arguments are clear
- 18Five proofs of God's Existence-- motion
-efficient cause
-possibility and necessity
-grades of perfection
-governance of world - 19Richard Taylor1919-2003
- 20principle of sufficient reasonhumans natural desire to find the reason in everything
- 214 Main Parts of Philosophysubject, method, history, goal
- 22Metaphysicsstudy of the nature of things
- 23AristotleCategories
three kinds of terms (denominative, equivocal, univocal)
reality divided up into species and genera
10 ultimate genera (substance, 9 kinds of accidents, be able to list 4 total)
5 marks of substance - 24Aquinasproposition ‘God exists’ is self-evident (why?) but not to us
rejects Anselm’s ontological argument
argues that God exists with cosmological argument (5 ways, be able to list 2)
Denies quidditative knowledge of God (=what God is, divine essence), we only that that God exists
thinks that our language of God is analogical - 25Scotusthinks we have quidditative knowledge of God (‘divine justice’; if we know what this property is, we know what the property is present in/informs, the divine essence)
Thinks our language of God is univocal - 26TaylorProofs for existence of God: cosmological (PSR) and design
Arguments against Dualism (soul) - 27DescartesFirst principle: cogito ergo sum
Criterion for knowledge: clear and distinct ideas
Ontological proof for existence of God
Real distinction of soul and body - 28Plato428 BC - 348 BC
- 29SocratesDied: 399 BC
- 30Aristotle384-322 BC
- 31clear and distinct perceptionperceptions which are so self-evident that, while they are held in the mind, they cannot logically be doubted
- 32Cogito Ergo SumI think, therefore I am
- 33Empiricismphil. doctines, believe that substantive knowledge requires experience and there is no knowledge with which human beings are born
- 34essencequality that made something the type of thing that it was (Descartes tried to argue there are only two essence, mind and by extension, body)
- 35formal realitythe reality something has in virtue of existing (finite, infinite, mode)
- 36innatepresent in the mind at birth
- 37modedeterminate way of being a principal attribute (squareness)
- 38Primary quality, secondary qualitytree vs treeness
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