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Behaviourist approach: classical and operant conditioning
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- 1What is Classical Conditioning?Learning by association
- 2What is operant conditioning?learning by reinforcement, reward and punishment
- 3What is social learning theory?learning by observation and imitation of role models, e.g., parents.
- 4Study linked with classical conditioning.Pavlov's dogs learned to associate food with a bell. They salivated in response to the bell.
- 5What was the neutral stimulus that became the conditioned stimulus in Pavlov's research?The Bell
- 6What was the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment?Food
- 7Study linked with operant conditioningSkinner's rats learned to press the lever if reinforced by a food reward
- 8Study linked with social learning theoryBanduras' participants imitated an adult punching a bobo doll
- 9What are the learning approachesThe behaviourist approach
(Classical conditioning & operant conditioning and social learning theory - 10Behaviourist approach?A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning
- 11Classical Conditioning?Learning by association. Occurs when 2 stimuli are repeatedly paired together - unconditional (unlearned) stimulus (UCS) and a new 'neutral' stimulus (NS). The neutral stimulus eventually produces the same response that was first produced by the unconditioned(unlearned) stimulus alone.
- 12Operant Conditioning?A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences. Possible consequences of behaviour include reinforcement (positive or negative) and punishment
- 13ReinforcementA consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated. Can be positive or negative
- 14The behaviourist approach is only interested in studying ...Behaviour that can be observed and measured
- 15Behaviourists believe that ...All behaviour is learned
- 16What do behaviourists describe baby's mind as ?A 'blank slate' and this is written on by experience
- 17Following Darwin, what did BThe basic processes that govern learning are the same in all species. This meant that in behaviourist research, animals can replace humans as experimental subjects
- 18behaviourists identified 2 important forms of learning:Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
- 19Positive reinforcement is ...Receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed, e.g., praise from a teacher for answering a question correctly in class
- 20Negative reinforcement is ...The avoidance of something unpleasant. The outcome would be a pleasant experience, e.g., students' hand in an essay on time so they're not told off
- 21Punishment is ...An unpleasant consequence of behaviour, e.g., being shouted at by the teacher for talking during a lesson
- 22Behaviourist approach: What increases the likelihood behaviours will be repeatedPositive and negative reinforcement
- 23Behaviourist approach: What decreases the likelihood that behaviour will be repeatedPunishment
- 24Skinner conducted experiments with rats, sometimes pigeons, in specially designed boxes called skinner boxes. Every time the repeat activated the lever (or pecked a disc in the case with the pigeon) within the box it was rewarded with a food pellet. From then on, the animal would continue to perform the behaviour. What aspect of operant conditioning does this show?Positive reinforcement as the rat (or pigeon) are given a reward
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- Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por Asheena Vincent el 30/09/2022.
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- Asheena Vincent · sep 2022
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- 30 sep 2022
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