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Physics Exam review
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- 1What are scalar and vector quantitiesA scalar quantity Only measures Magnitude(size or amount) Ex:Speed,length,area,pressure,distance,and time
Vector quantities measure magnitude and direction Ex:Displacement,Velocity,acceleration,force - 2What is distaceTotal of how far you went think if you went around a 200 m circle twice distance would be 400 m
- 3DisplacementHow far away you are from the reference point think a 200 m track you go around twice back to the beginning displacement is 0
- 4What is positionA vector quantity that describes specific
point relative to reference point. Uses coordinate system, (0,0) reference point.Symbol:d - 5Vector symbolsVector symbols must have arrow on top
- 6How to tell if motion is uniform with speed-time and distance-time graphsUniform motion for distance-time line should be diagonal. Speed-time line should be horizontal
- 7What is speed and what are the units for speedSpeed is how fast something is going. It's measured in M/S and Km/H. It's distance/time
- 8What is velocity and what are the units for velocityVelocity is the speed and direction of an object. Measured in M/S and Km/H. It's displacement/time
- 9What is the si unit for timeSeconds
- 10The distance along a highway is 485 km and the displacement is 365 km [N40°W]. The trip took 7.5 h. Calculate the speed and velocity. Work on board…Speed = 65 km/h and Velocity = 49 km/h [N40W]
- 11A car travelled a distance of 550 m in a time interval of 35 s. What was the speed of the car in 𝑚/𝑠 and 𝑘𝑚/ℎ?16 m/s and 57 km/h
- 12Two trainers with stopwatches are timing a runner. Both timers start their stopwatches when the runner leaves the starting point. The first trainer is standing at a position that is 12 m [S]of the starting point and the second trainer is standing at a position 65 m [S] of the starting point. Each trainer stops their stopwatch when the runner passes them. The first trainer’s stopwatch reads 1.6s and the second trainers stopwatch reads 8.7 s. What is was the athlete’s velocity while racing between the trainers?~7.5 m/s
- 13What is uniform motion?No change in velocity or speed
- 14Negative and positive directionEast is +, west is -, north is +, south-
- 15When does + acceleration occur?Change in magnitude of velocity and direction change are positive.
Change in magnitude of velocity is - and change in direction are -. - 16When does - acceleration occur?Change in magnitude of velocity is - and change in direction is +.
Change in magnitude of velocity is + and change in direction are -. - 17An ostrich is standing still, then sees a tasty leaf. He reaches a velocity of 19 𝑚/𝑠 [E] in 2.0 seconds. What is his acceleration?9.5m/s2
- 18Acceleration due to gravityis 9.81M/S2
- 19The ostrich accidentally runs off of a cliff and cannot fly. What is the velocity of the ostrich after free-falling for 3.0 seconds?29.4M/S
- 20Position-time is another way of sayingDistance-time
- 21AccelerationChange in velocity over time interval.
- 22What opposes MotionFriction
- 23practice1, 2, 3, 5, 7
- 24What is forceForce equals mass time acceleration. Measured in Kg/MS2 which equals newtons
- 25What is work, it's formula, and what is it measured in.Work equals force to move an object over distance,so long as the force and distance are in the same direction. Work=F*d which equals kg*M2/S2.Measured in Newton meters and Joules
- 26Is work energy and whyMeasured in Joules so it is energy
- 27What is energyEnergy is the ability to do work measured in joules
- 28Practice Page 11 problems 2,4,6 Practice: Page 12 work problems 1, 2, 3, 5, 7yeag
- 29can machines that produce mechanical energy be 100 percent efficient.No
- 30What is useful energyEnergy you wanted to use any other energy forms are considered wasted energy .
- 31What is efficiencyEfficiency is a measurement of how effectively machines convert energy input into useful energy output.
- 32Efficiency formulaEfficiency = useful output total input
*100 - 33Does efficiency have unitsNo
- 34Complete the “energy and energy efficiency” worksheet Pg 220 – more practiceChallenge Question: You pedal your bicycle up a steep hill, thus gaining gravitational potential energy. You gained a vertical distance of 25 m. You then coasted down the hill, transforming the gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy. At the bottom of the hill, you were coasting at a speed of 13 m/s. If the combined mass of you and your bicycle is 68 kg, what was the efficiency of the transformation of your gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy?
- 35What is energyability H
- 36How do we use energy directlyThrough photosynthesis like plants and things to conver that energy like solar panels
- 37Renewable sources of energySolar,wind,hydro,geothermal,tidal,biomass,and nuclear sometimes
- 38Non renewable sources of energyFossil fuels,and nuclear sometimes
- 39Why is it important to conserve enegyThere is only so much energy around the world that we can use so we should prolong it as much as we can because the majority of our energy non renewable won't last forever.
- 40Potential energyEnergy stored or held waiting to be used/potential to do work
- 41Kinetic energyEnergy related to motion
- 42Nuclear energy(kinetic)Energy stored in the nucleus of atom
It is released via nuclear fission and nuclear split
- 43Elastic energy (potential energy)It's energy that comes from stretching or compressing a material
- 44Chemical energy(potential)Stored in chemical bonds
Released in chemical reactions
- 45Gravitational potential energyEnergy that comes from being above the ground.
- 46Electric energy (kinetic)It's the work done by moving charges
ex:electric charges moving through a wire
- 47Magnetism(kinetic energy)when current carrying wire makes a magnetic affect (electro magnet)
magnet can cause electrons to flow ex:induction and generator
- 48Thermal energy (Kinetic energy) what is the 2nd law of thermodynamicsEnergy of atom motion in an object
heat goes from high to low - 49What is mechanical energyThe sum of kinetic and gravitational potential
- 50Energy conversions answer them Ex 1) Eating food allows your muscles the energy to run Ex 3) A skier opens and activates a hand-warmerChemical potential energy of food to kinetic energy of muscles
Chemical potential energy of hand warmer to thermal energy - 51Joules experement core principlesAs objects fall gravitational potential energy falls and kinetic energy rises.
If mass is increased, there is a proportional increase in the
amount of heat produced (and water temperature)
• As masses fall, they lose gravitational potential energy.
The paddle has work done to it so it gains the energy the
masses lose, in the form of kinetic energy. This is then
transferred to heat. - 52Joules experement other core principlesThat mechanical work done on a system is proportianal to heat.
Meaning W=Jq
W=work done J=joule's mechanical equivalent to heat Q=heat
value of j=4.186 kj/kc
As potential energy is made into kinetic that is made into heat energy - 53Describe the relationship of work and gravitational potential energyW=f*d W=m*a*d
Ep=MGH
g=acceleration d=distance - 54A hanging sign is 3.00 m above the ground and has 1.47 x 103 J of gravitational potential energy. Calculate the mass of the sign. An 800g bird has 47.0 J of gravitational potential energy when it is perched high up in a tree. Calculate the bird’s vertical height from the ground.49.9 kg
5.99 m - 55Formulas for Kinetic energyTo get m from Ek=1/2*m*(v*v)
M=Ek-(V*V)
Then do m*2
To get v Ek=1/2*m*(v*v)
V=1/2(m)
Ek=1/2(m)*? then you square root ? - 56Mechanical energyEm=Ek+Ep
- 57A 45.0 kg long boarder starts from rest at the top of a 10.0m high hill. What is his mechanical energy? b) Calculate the long boarder’s speed, assuming mechanical energy is conserved, at the bottom of the hill (h = 0 m) A pendulum consists of a 500g metal ball suspended on a 50.0cm string. The ball is pulled horizontally and up a total vertical distance of 10.0 cm. It is then released. At the bottom of the arc, assume all gravitational potential energy has been converted to kinetic energy. What was the speed of the ball at the bottom of its’ arc?Em =4.41 x 10^3 J
v= 14.0 m/s
V=1.40m/s - 58First law of thermodynamicsEnergy can't be created only converted into other forms at less than a 100% efficient
- 594 signs of energy conversionsChange in temperature, change in shape, change in position, change in motion
- 60Fossil fuel power efficiency and how it works20% to 40%
- 61Wind power efficiency and how it works20% to 45%
wind blows on blade which makes rod spin which makes gears start spinning fast which spins the generator maki - 62hydro power90%
- 63B2.5 Check & Reflect (p. 195)#1-4, 6-8, 10
- 64What is a systema set of interconnected parts
- 65What is an open systemA system that exchanges matter and energy with surroundings
- 66what is a closed systemOnly exchanges energy with it's surroundings
- 67Isolated systemcan't exchange matter and energy with it's surroundings
- 68Heat vs workWork involves matter moving from one location to another
Heat is transfer of thermal energy from one location to another - 69How can the energy of a system increaseAdding heat to a system
Work done on a system by its surroundings - 70How can the energy from a sytem decreaseHeat flows out of system to its surroundings
work done by system on its surroundings - 71Formula for 1st law of thermodynamicsHeat added=Mechanical energy +Heat lost by system
- 72Engine definitionUses potential energy to do work
- 73What do scientists want to do to enginesMake them more efficient by decreasing input and increase output
- 74How does a piston workNeeds to be driven up and pulled down each movement needs force
- 75Is the perfect machine achievableNO some energy is always converted via heat-loss,friction,sound,etc
- 76How does a thermometric generator work
- 77How does heat engines and heat pumps workElectric energy pumps heat from inside the fridge to the outside environment.
The refrigerator uses a pump to pump refrigerant through piping. The liquid goes through a compressor, absorbs heat and then vaporizes into a gas.
When the gas is compressed, the temperature and pressure rises.
This thermal energy is released into the surrounding environment.
The refrigerant is then pumped into a cooler and cooled to a low temperature once again. The cycle will repeat itself. - 78The gunpowder engine what is it and how does it workSo we have gases generated by explosions inside engine makes a piston go forward into a cylinder
Drawback not developed because explosions are hazardous.Plus there was no powerful internal mechanisms to pull it back up so the engine couldn't work continuously - 79The heat engine how it works and it's drawbacksOtto used two hollow hemispheres with a vacuum inside and that water's volume increases by 1300 times when heated to make the steam engine.Used steam to create work.Drawbacks hard to make drums where water would be heated.
- 80The savery engineSteam water pump.Could only lift water 6m and boiler couldn't lift higher distances or else it would explode
- 81Newcomen engineBoiler produced steam.Steam forces piston up. Condensed steam with cold water.Outside pressure pushes piston down. pulls mass up . New steam forces mass down.
Benefits device for cooling air is separated so it is more efficient.
- 82WattDifference from Newcomer:
Separate condenser that cooled the steam
benefit:Boilers could stay hot
Increased output
- 83Steam enginesss
- 84Steel and lebon engine/internal combustionInternal combustion engine
Fuel was burned inside the engine
Coal gas ignited by spark
- 85Otto engineIncreased efficiency by compressing the coal gas.Increased pressure produced more force to move piston.how it works
1.Gas intake
2.Compressed
3.High temp / high pressure
4.Piston moves down
- 86Diamlerswitched from coal to petroleum increased input/burns hotter
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- 10th grade Physics Fichas sobre Physics Exam review, creado por Williame Kuate el 03/05/2024.
- Creado por
- Williame Kuate · may 2024
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- 22 may 2024
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