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Operant Conditioning
Fichas del conjunto (28)
- 1Define: OPERANT CONDITIONINGBehavior is influenced primarily by reinforcement
- 2Who is credited for coming up with operant conditioning?B. F. Skinner
- 3Describe Skinner's experiment with rats (and pigeons)Trying to condition rats to perform unnatural behavior (aka pressing a lever)
Used shaping - 4Define: SHAPINGGiving rewards for behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior (like coaching)
Ex. Rats get rewarded first for even going near the lever, then for touching it etc. - 5What's another term for shaping?Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
- 6//Types of Reinforcement////Types of Reinforcement//
- 7Define: PRIMARY REINFORCEMENTA natural reinforcement, you don't have to learn that it's reinforcing
Ex. food/water - 8Define: SECONDARY REINFORCEMENTA learned reinforcer, often learned through society
Ex. Money - 9Define: POSITIVE REINFORCEMENTA type of reward/positive event that acts like a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a particular response
Ex. rewarding a dog with a treat - 10Define: NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENTRemoving a negative stimulus to increase the likelihood of a certain behavior
Ex. taking away a blaring noise whenever the monkey rides the tricycle - 11Explain the 2 main differences between NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT and PUNISHMENTPunishment INTRODUCES something that the organism doesn't like and is used to STOP behavior
Negative reinforcement TAKES AWAY something the organism doesn't like and is used to ENCOURAGE behavior - 12//Types of Reinforcement Schedules////Types of Reinforcement Schedules//
- 13Define: CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULEEvery correct response is met with some kind of reinforcement
- 14How effective is continuous reinforcement?It facilitates the quickest learning, but also the most fragile because as soon as rewards stop, the behavior stops.
- 15Define: PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULENot all correct responses are met with reinforcement
- 16How effective are partial reinforcement schedules?They take longer to learn but the behaviors are more salient/ingrained.
- 17Name the 4 types of Partial Reinforcement SchedulesFixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval - 18Define: FIXED RATIO REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULEReinforcement is given after a certain number of responses
(ex. 1 reward after 6 responses)
Demonstrates the power of drug addiction - 19How effective is the fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?Behavior is learned quickly, but also easily extinguished because when the rewards stop coming as scheduled then the behavior stops
- 20Define: VARIABLE RATIO REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULEReinforcements are given after different numbers of correct responses
- 21Give a real life example of a VARIABLE RATIO reinforcement scheduleSlot machines at Vegas
Gamblers are rewarded every so often but they don't know when - 22How effective are variable ratio reinforcement schedules?They take the longest to learn, but the learning is more long lasting.
- 23Define: FIXED INTERVAL REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULERewards come after a certain amount of time
Ex. After every 5 minutes, you are rewarded regardless of what behavior you were performing - 24How effective are FIXED INTERVAL reinforcement schedules?Not good at motivating behavior because the reward isn't specific to that behavior
- 25Define: VARIABLE INTERVAL REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULERewards are delivered after different time periods, length of time varies so you never know when the reward will happen
Ex. Waiting for the bus - 26How effective are VARIABLE INTERVAL reinforcement schedules?They are the 2nd most effective strategy for maintaining behavior.
- 27Define: TOKEN ECONOMYArtificial mini-economy, found in prisons, rehab centers, mental hospitals
- 28How do token economies work?Individuals are motivated by secondary reinforcers (tokens)
Desirable behavior is reinforced by tokens that can be cashed in for primary reinforcers (candy, books, cigarettes, privileges)
Información
- Descripción
- Writtens (Learning (6-10 Questions)) GRE Psych Fichas sobre Operant Conditioning, creado por Riah Sorn-ampai el 04/01/2016.
- Creado por
- Riah Sorn-ampai · ene 2016
- Actualizado
- 6 abr 2018
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- 6
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