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Managing rural change - Definitions
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- 1Broilers:Broiler chickens (often referred to as 'broilers') have been selectively bred and reared for their meat rather than eggs.
- 2Suburbanised village:A settlement where there has been recent growth changing its character from primarily farming orientated to residential with the majority working in nearby towns.
- 3Greenfield site:An undeveloped site usually on the edge of an urban area or in a rural area.
- 4Brownfield site:A derelict inner-city site, usually the site of former industrial activity.
- 5Industrialisation:The growth of manufacturing industry in an area.
- 6Apartheid:A form of separate development for different races, which allocated different areas at a national urban and local scale for different population groups. It was a form racial capitalism.
- 7Homelands:Territory that was set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa as part of the policy of Apartheid.
- 8Human Development Index:A composite measure of development comprising life expectancy, purchasing power parity (gross national income at local purchasing price and levels of literacy).
- 9Antenatal prevalence rate:The prevalence (predominance in an area) rate in unborn children.
- 10Eutrophication:Growth of algae as a result of fertiliser leaching from farmland.
- 11Guided Transit Express (GTE) system:A tram system operating on a predetermined course.
- 12Matric:A formal South African school qualification taken at age 18.
- 13Counterurbanisation:An increase in the population of smaller settlements such as villages and towns. It involves migration from larger urban settlements to smaller ones.
- 14Dormitory settlement:A rural settlement that has a high proportion of commuters.
- 15Commuter settlements:A settlement in which people live but don't work.
- 16Rural settlement:In the UK, this is defined as a settlement characterised by a small population, low population densities and primary industries.
- 17Threshold population:The minimum number of people necessary before a particular good or service will be provided in an area.
- 18Catchment area:The area from which people travel to obtain a particular service or product, such as the area from which a school draws its pupils. Catchment areas are also known as spheres of influence, hinterlands or urban fields.
- 19High order goods:Comparison goods such as electrical goods and furniture that the shopper will buy only after making a comparison between various models and different shops. A high threshold population is needed to sustain a shop selling comparison goods, and people are prepared to travel some distance (range) to obtain the goods.
- 20Low order goods:Goods that are purchased frequently, such as milk or bread. People are not prepared to travel far to buy a convenience good and there is no real saving in shopping around. The extra cost of 'shopping around' outweighs any savings that may be made.
- 21Range:The distance that people are prepared to travel to obtain a good or service.
- 22Dormitory settlement:A settlement in which people live (sleep) but do not work. It is also called a commuter settlement.
- 23Resettlement:A process carried out by the former South African government in which certain population groups (notably black and coloured people) were forcibly removed from their homes and relocated elsewhere - often hundreds of kilometres away.
- 24Xhosa:The name given to one of South Africa's most populous black tribes and to their language.
- 25Secondary activities:Manufacturing industries which convert raw materials into finished and semi-finished goods.
- 26Tertiary activities:Services which include educational, health, financial, retail and all activities which are not manufacturing, primary (fishing, forestry, farming and mining) and quaternary (research and development).
- 27Per capita:Per head of population.
- 28Tenure:The rights that people have on the land; for example, ownership or rental.
- 29Informal sector:The untaxed, unregulated sector of the economy - often called the 'black market' in the UK.
- 30Bilharzia:Also known as schistosomiasis - an infectious disease caused by penetration of the schistosome worms into humans, via the feet in stagnant water, and their subsequent migration to growth in the human bladder.
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- (Geography: Human) Geography Fichas sobre Managing rural change - Definitions, creado por clm3496 el 14/04/2013.
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