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- 1Methodological ConceptsReflexivity:
-Is the ability of the researcher to consider the implications of the methods the are using., the extent to which their values are affecting the research and any ethical issues that may be occurring in their research. - 2In feminism it is a concept used by Roberts, whereby the researchers are more open and honest with their interviewee and also think about their own experiences when conducting the research.Foster argues that this may help with the Hawthorne effect by reflecting on the extent behaviour will change as a result of the researchers ‘presence’.
- 3Used in all methods but of most use in qualitative methods like unstructured interviews. Helps to gain valid data as it is helping to be value freeObjectivity
- 4Is a scientific approach t the study of society free from the bias and the values of the researchers.It is an important aspect of positivists who are collecting quantitative data. It could be linked to methods such as questionnaires, structured interviews.
- 5Positivists think that from something to be objective it needs to have value freedom and free from bias, and therefore make it reliable.Durkheim used the positivist scientific approach to investigate suicide. He studied countries in the nineteenth century using statistics and found three trends.
- 6RapportDevelopment of a relationship between interviewer and interviewee.
Gaining rapport is vita in increasing validity of data, with more rapport gained a fuller pictures and therefore a better verstehen. - 7Rapport is built using qualitative data collection methods. -Methods that need rapport include, unstructured/semi interviews, focus groups, feminist surveys and observations. These methods hope to gain in-depth rich data. -To achieve rapport interviewers try to gain empathy with participants.Interpretivists and feminist will see rapport as vital in gaining qualitative data.
-Archer studied 6 London schools using structured/unstructured interviews, discussion groups and diaries. Researcher needed to gain rapport with the pupils in order to gain there trust and obtain valid in depth data. The rapport in this study helped the validity. - 8Respondent ValidationMost commonly used by interpretivists who ask those they are researching to look at their findings and give feedback on them in terms of whether they have accurately portrayed the lives of the respondent.
- 9Respondent validation helps gain value freedom, this means that it helps oppose subjectivity and achieve objectivity. The participant’s have a right to read what the researcher has written before publication can be problematic.Willis realised this when he asked the ‘lads’ to read his research and they said they understood what they had said but not what Willis had written about them.
- 10VerstehenVerstehen is where the researcher places themselves in the position of those being studied, ‘Walk in their shoes’.
A term used by Weber meaning gaining a full understanding of those being researched and how they feel, seeing the world through their eyes. - 11-Need rapport to gain full verstehen - -Needs qualitative data from methods such as unstructured interview as it gains in-depth thoughts and feelings. -Links to interpretivist as they seek to understand the subjective experiences of those being studied.Foster:
Research to understand the social world by observing and listening and seeking to understand the world from the point of view of the people in it. Qualitative data allows to explain peoples behaviour and clarify why.
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- A-Level Revision Tracker Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por Beth Vickers el 23/03/2016.
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- Beth Vickers
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