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B1020 Mini 1
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- 1Taxonomy orderDomain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
- 2StarchGlucose storage in plants. Alpha-alpha bonds between glucose allows for breakable side chains.
- 3CelluloseTough walls of cells. Beta - alpha bonds between glucose allow for no breakable side chains.
- 4Proteins and their structureAmino acid are polymers of proteins.
NH - C(=O) - C (-R) - 5Functions of: Helicase Binding proteins DNA polymerase RNA primer DNA ligaseHelicase: Breaks H bonds
Binding proteins: stabilise DNA stands
Polymerase: Adds nucleotides to 5' stand
RNA Primer: Creates fragments of DNA
DNA ligase: Cleans up RNA junctions - 6DNA nucleotide pairsACGT outers and inners
Cytosine and Thymine are pyrimidines
Adenosine and guanine are purines - 7DNA replication; methodIs semi conservative; uses half a strand and builds the other half.
- 8Mitochondria Nucleus Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum Flagella and pili Ribosome EndosymbiontMitochondria: Where ATP is synthesised
Nucleus: DNA replication
Chloroplast: Photosynthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum: ribosomes attached
Flagella and pili: motors for bacteria
Ribosome: sites of protein synthesis
Endosymbiont: Mitochondria and chloroplasts come from prok- cells - 9Prokaryotic cell basicsSingle chamber cell, chromosome is singular molecule in nucleoid. Arose early in evolution (way before eukaryotic cells).
- 10First law of thermodynamicsThe energy of the universe is constant; energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transports and transformed.
- 11Second law of thermodynamicsEvery energy transfer increases the disorder of the universe.
- 12Metabolism definitionAn organisms sum of chemical reactions. They arise from interactions between molecules.
- 13Contrasts in Endergonic and Exergonic reactionsExer Ender
-delta G +delta G
Releases energy Consumes energy
Reactants high E Reactants low E
Product low E Product high E
Catabolic Anabolic - 14Why is there an activation energyTo activate atoms or molecules into a conditions where they can undergo transformation. Stops exergonic reactions from occurring as soon as reactants are present. Keeps endergonic reactions in higher energy state.
- 15Which reaction (exer or ender) is spontaneous?Exergonic reactions are spontaneous, -ve delta G.
- 16First step of ATP synthesis1. Glycolysis occurs in cytosol
uses 2 ATP to makes 4 ATP and 2 pyruvate per glucose molecule - 17Second step of ATP synthesisKrebs cycle in mitochondrial matrix
a) pyruvate decarboxylation produces an NADH and acetyl coA per pyruvate
b) citric acid cycle produces 2CO2 per actyl coA, 1FADH2, 3NADH and 1ATP - 18Last step of ATP synthesisOxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrial membrane
produces 30-32 ATP through electron transport chain - 19Define Gibbs Free energyAmount of energy in a system that can be used to do work. ATP stores free energy.
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- Mini Test 1 BIOL1020 Fichas sobre B1020 Mini 1, creado por courtney_houston el 03/04/2016.
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