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Science P1
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- 1What does a thermogram do?Uses colour to show temperature - hottest areas are white/yellow -
coldest areas are black/dark blue/purple - 2What is the difference between heat and temperature?Temperature - a measurement of hotness on an arbitrary scale - no need for a thermometer - allows one object to be compared to another.
Heat - a measurement of internal energy - measured on an absolute scale. - 3Where does energy flow?From a warmer body to a colder body - when it flows away from a warm object, the temperature of that object decreases.
- 4What is specific heat capacity?The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg by 1 degree Celsius - measured in joules per kg degree celcius (J/kg degree C) - differs for different materials.
- 5What is the equation for energy transferred by specific heat capacity?energy transferred = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
- 6What is specific latent heat?The energy needed to melt or boil 1 kg of material - measured in joule per kg (j/kg) - differs for different materials and each of the changes of state
- 7What happens when an object is heated and it changes state?The temperature remains constant.
- 8What happens when an object is heated and its temperature rises?Energy is transferred.
- 9What is the equation for energy transferred by specific latent heat?energy transferred = mass x specific latent heat
- 10What happens when a substance changes state?Energy is needed to break the bonds that hold the molecules together so there is no change in temperature.
- 11What does double glazing do?Reduces energy loss by conduction - gap between the two pieces of glass is filled with a gas or a vacuum - particles in a gas are far apart so its difficult to transfer energy - no particles in a vacuum so its impossible to transfer energy by conduction.
- 12What does loft insulation do?Reduces energy loss by conduction and convection - warm air in home rises - energy is transferred through ceiling by conduction - air in loft is warmed by top of ceiling and is trapped in loft insulation - both sides of ceiling are same temperature so no energy is transferred
- 13What does cavity wall insulation do?Reduces energy loss by conduction and convection - air in foam is a good insulator - air cannot move by convection because its trapped in foam.
- 14What do insulator blocks do?reduce energy transfer by radiation because they have shiny foil on both sides - energy from sun is reflected back to keep home cool in summer - energy from home is reflected back to keep home warm in water.
- 15How can energy be transferred?Conduction - due to transfer of kinetic energy between particles.
Convection - gas expands when it is heated, becomes less dense so it rises.
Radiation - doesn't need a material to transfer energy, energy can be transferred through a vacuum - 16How do you calculate energy efficiency?efficiency = useful energy output x 100 / total energy input
- 17How can you show energy transformation?Using a Sankey Diagram
- 18How do you calculate payback time?payback time = cost of insulation / annual saving
- 19What makes a building energy efficient?well insulated
little energy lost to surroundings - 20What is the amplitude of a wave?The maximum displacement of a particle from its rest position.
- 21What is the crest of a wave?the highest point on a wave above its rest position.
- 22What is the trough of a wave?The lowest point on a wave below its rest position.
- 23what is the wavelength of a wave?the distance between 2 successive points on a wave having the same displacement and moving in the same direction.
- 24What is the frequency of a wave?The number of complete waves passing a point in one second.
- 25How do you calculate wave speed?wave speed = frequency x wavelength
- 26What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?Radio
Microwave
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
x-ray
gamma ray - 27Why does refraction occur?Because the speed of waves decreases as the wave enters a more dense medium and increases as the wave enters a less dense medium.
Frequency stays the same but wavelength changes. - 28What is diffraction?The spreading out of a wave as it passes through a gap.
- 29What does the amount of diffraction depend on?the size of the gap - most diffraction occurs when the gap is a similar size to the wavelength - larger gaps show less diffraction
- 30How does Morse Code work?using a series of dots and dashes to represent letters of the alphabet - used by signalling lamps as a series of short and long flashes of light - example of a digital signal
- 31What are some examples of an instantaneous signal?Light
Electricity
Microwaves
Radio - 32What is white light made of?Different colours of different frequencies out of phase.
- 33What does laser light have?Only a single frequency
In phase
Low divergence - 34How does laser light read from the surface of a CD?The surface of a CD is pitted
The pits represent the digital signal
Laser light is shone onto the CD surface and the difference in the reflection provides the information for the digital signal - 35What happens when light travels from one material to another?It is refracted
- 36What happens when light passes from a more dense material to a less dense material?The angle of refraction is larger than the angle of incidence.
- 37What is the angle of incidence called when the angle of refraction is 90 degrees?Critical Angle
- 38What happens when the angle of incidence is bigger than the critical angle?The light is reflected - total internal reflection.
- 39How are telephone conversations and computer data transmitted?They are transmitted long distances along optical fibres at the speed of light (200 000 km/s in glass).
- 40What does an endoscope do?Allows doctors to see inside a body without the need for surgery.
Light passes along one set of optical fibres to illuminate inside the body. - The light is reflected. The reflected light passes up another set of fibres to an eyepiece or camera. - 41How do Infrared Waves and Microwaves penetrate food?Infrared does penetrate food very easily.
Microwaves penetrate up to 1cm into food. They can penetrate glass or plastic but are reflected by shiny metal surfaces. - 42What does the amount of energy transferred by waves depend on?Frequency
Wavelength of the Wave - 43How do normal ovens cook food?Using infrared radiation
Energy is absorbed by the surface of the food.
Kinetic energy on the surface of the food particles increases.
The rest of the food is heated by conduction. - 44—
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- Fichas sobre Science P1, creado por Megan Carter el 15/05/2016.
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