Fichas
Computer science chapter 1
Fichas del conjunto (20)
- 1What is a computer?A computer is an electronic, programmable data processing machine.
- 2what is a system?A system is a collection of parts that work together for some defined purpose.
- 3what is a computer system?A computer system is a collection of hardware and software that works together to achieve some data processing task.
- 4Name some examples of a computer systemcar engine management, holiday booking, washing machine, satnav, ATM and a travel card
- 5What is an embedded system?Embedded system are computer systems that are part of a larger system. they are usually also control systems. they include portable devices:
-digital watches
-satnavs
-cameras
-MP3 player. - 6What are expert systems?Expert systems are computer systems designed to behave like a human expert. They have three component parts:
-a knowledge base
-an inference engine
-an interface . - 7What are management information system?Management information systems bring together the information from all parts of an organisation so that managers can make a sensible decisions.
They cover:
-technology
-Data People. - 8What is data integrity?This relates to data being accurate and consistent throughout its life. Data integrity also means that the stored data reflects real-world reality. Database systems normally have rules that prevent inconsistent changes being being made to the underlying data.
- 9Name some ways in which data integrity can be compromised.-Human errors when data in entered.
-Errors that occur when data is transmitted -from one computer to another.
-Software bugs.
-Hardware malfunctions.
-Natural disaster - 10how would you reduce the risk to data?-Backing up regularly.
-controlling access to data via security mechanisms.
-using validation rules to prevent the input of invalid data
-Using error detection and correction software when transmitting data. - 11Why is it that testing can never be completed?-Software is so complex.
-Testing is expensive.
-Testing is time consuming - 12What does the word "standards" refer to?Standards refers to conventions and rules. They are normally defined by a responsible organisation. There are various categories of standards in computing, standards exist for :
-programming languages
-operating systems
-data formats
-communications protocols
-electrical interfaces - 13Why are standards important?-Enable equipment from different manufacture to work together.
-Make learning new systems easier because they have similar characteristics.
-Minimise waste.
-Help to ensure fair play and access to markets.
-Bring costs down by opening markets to competition - 14What dose the word "De jure" mean?De jure means by law
- 15What are proprietary standards?They are owned by an organisasion. They ensure compatibility between the company's products. They can also be used to reduce competition from rival products. E.G apple computers lock users into using apple software.
- 16What are industry standards?Idustry standards are set by recognised non-commercial organisation.
- 17What are open standards?Open standards are:
-Publicly available
-Produced collaboratively
-Not dominated by any one intrest group
-Not for profit and and availible free of charge or at a small cost.
-Sufficiently detailed to allow interchangeability between the developers that use them.
-E.G
-HTTP
-HTML
-WAP
-IP
-VOICEXML
-XML
-SQL - 18what are data protection laws (7)?Allow peopel to view the data held about them
correct information when requested
Not use data in any way that may potentially cause damage or distress
Allow people to state that their data is not to be used for direct marketing
Adequately protect data from unathorised
only collect data for a specified and lawful purpose
not transmit personal data outside the european economics area - 19What are the problems with getting rid of out of date computers?They have toxic materials
lead
casmium
beryllium
flame retardants - 20What 6 methods do they use to reduce energy used by computers?Virtual servers that reduce the number of physical servers in a data centre
solid state storage that uses less energy than a rotating disk drives
Automatic standby switching that turns computers off when they are not in use
laying out equipment so that it can be cooled efficiently
setting the air conditioning at an optimum level-not to low
modern screens that use less energy intensive that the old CRT monitors