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Principle

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1Aufbau prinicipleElectrons occupy orbitals in the order of the energy levels of the orbitals. Orbitals with the lowest energy level are always occupied first.
2Pauli expulsionOnly two electrons may occupy the same orbital and these two electrons must have opposite spins.
3Hund's ruleWhen electrons are placed in a set of orbitals with equal, or degenerate, energies, tge electrons must occupy them singly with parallel spins before they occupy the orbitals in pairs. (An atom tends to have as many unpaired electrons as possible)