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Introduction to Clinical Oriented Anatomy

Britney Matthews Physician Assistant Inglés 51 fichas

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1Terminologia Anatomica Purpose?The Language of Anatomy
- purpose is accuracy and concise
2What is the Anatomical Position?head, gaze, toes - foward
arms adjacent to body
palms facing foward
lower limbs close together
feet parallel
3Median planevertical plane down midline of body
dividing the body into right and left halves
4Sagittal PlaneVertical plane parallel to the median plane
divides the body into right and left parts
5Frontal (Coronal) PlaneVertical plane perpendicular to the median plane
divides the body into back and front
6Horizontal (Transverse) Planecuts the body in segments
creating a top and bottom part
7Anterior vs Posteriorfront vs back
8Ventral vs Dorsalrelated to CNS
front/face vs back
9Superior vs Inferiortop most vs bottom most
closer to head vs closer to feet
10Medial vs Lateralclosest to midline vs furthest from midline
11Proximal vs Distalnearest to axial vs furthest to axial skeleton
(related to points of attachments)
12Rostral (cephalad) vs Caudaltoward the head vs toward the tail
(CNS associated)
13Ipsilateral vs Contralateralon the same side vs opposite side of body
(in reference to the midline)
14Superficial vs DeepToward the surface vs Away from the surface
15Flexion vs Extensiondecrease the angle vs increase the angle
16Dorsiflexion vs PlantarflexionToes up vs point toes down
17Abduction vs Adductionoutward vs inward to body
18Lateral rotation vs Medial rotationexternal (away from) vs internal (toward)
19CircumductionRelated to ball and socket joints
circular motion
20Supination vs Pronationforward vs backward turn
Ex. Forearm
21Inversion vs EversionTurn the ankle in vs turn the ankle out
22Elevation vs DepressionUpwards vs downwards
Ex. shoulder
23Protrusion vs Retrusionforward vs backward
Ex. TMJ
24Opposition vs Repositiontoward the fingers vs back to anatomical position
Ex. the thumb with a saddle joint
25Functions of Integumentary Systemprotection, containment, temperature, regulation, sensation, and endocrine
26Epidermissuperficial and cellular skin component
27Dermisdeep, connective tissue skin component
contains vascular, nerves, and appendages
28Epithelial Cell ComponentsWide arrangements and variety
Avascular (located in basement membrane above the blood)
Polarity directionality
29Fasciadense, organized connective tissue
30Functions of Fasciaorganizes regions into compartments
wraps, packs, and insulates deep structures
31Bursaclosed sac or envelope of serous membrane
32Retinaculathickened deep fascia to hold tendons in place where they cross the joint during flexion and extension
33types of connective tissuetendons, ligaments, fascia, cartilage, bone, adipose
34intermuscular septaextend centrally from fascial sleeve to attach to bone
352 classifications of the skeletal systemAxial skeleton and
Appendicular skeleton
36Axial SkeletonBones of the: head, neck, and trunk
37Appendicular SkeletonBones of the limbs including:
pelvic girdle and pectoral girdle
38What is bone?Highly specialized hardened connective tissue
39What is bone mineralized by?Calcium and phosphate
40What is osteocytes?the living "bone cells"
41Types of osteocytesosteoblasts and osteoclasts
42Periosteumfibrous connective tissue covering skeletal element like a sleeve around bones, except at the articular cartilage
43Perichondriumfibrous connective tissue covering cartilage
44What are the 2 types of bone?Compact bone and spongy bone
45Classifications of BoneLong Bones
Short Bones
Flat Bones
Irregular Bones
Sesamoid Bones
46Compact Bone and its functionSuperficial thin hard layer on bone.
Provides strength for weight bearing
47Spongy Bonecentral mass surrounded by the compact bone
48Medullary Cavitymarrow cavity
either red or yellow bone marrow
49Function of long bonesTubular bone
for rigidity and attachment of muscles and ligaments
50Long bone Shapecontains the:
Diaphysis - shaft (greatest amount of compact bone)
Epiphysis - end
Metaphysis - middle
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