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- 1Encodingallows the perceived item to be converted to a construct that can be stored
- 2Encodingallows the perceived item to be converted to a construct that can be stored
- 3storageHolding onto information for some period of time
- 4RetrievalRecalling stored information in a form that can be used
- 5HERMANN EBBINGHAUSTHE PIONEER OF THE COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY INTERESTED IN THE STUDY OF MEMORY
- 6Nonsense syllableslet bok yat
- 7Serial position effectRemember information at the beginning and end more accurately than information in the middle
- 8Primacy effectItems near the beginning of the list are easier to recall than those in the middle primal = beginning
- 9Recency effectItems near the end of the list are easier to remember than those in the middle
- 10FORGETTING CURVETHE DECLINE OF MEMORY RETENTION OVER TIME
- 11Craik & Lockhartdependent upon the level of processing of the information rather than being in different stores with different features"
- 12ICONIC MEMORYLong enough for the brain to evaluate its importance
- 13Eidetic memoryphotographic memory or total recall is the ability to recall images sounds or objects in memory with great precision
- 14Semantic memoryGeneral knowledge such as language and information learned in formal education
- 15Episodic memoryKnowledge of personal information: Your last summer holiday, going to the dentist’ office, your life is a show
- 16State–dependent memoryEasier to recall memories if in same physiological or psychological state as in when memory was made
- 17Context–dependent memoryrefers to improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same
- 18Misinformation effectexposure to misleading informationafter an event to alter the memory for the event
- 19Flashbulb memoriesAmygdala in the brain is responsible for the long–lasting effect
- 20Proactive interferenceOlder information prevents or interferes with retrieval of newerinformation
- 21Retroactive interferenceNewer information prevents or interferes with the retrieval of olderinformation
- 22Conditioned Stimulus (CS)An initially neutral stimulus that later comes to elicit a condition response
- 23Unconditioned Stimulus (US)Leads to an involuntary/reflexive response!!!
- 24Unconditioned Response (UR)The automatic reaction triggered by the unconditioned stimulus
(salivation to meat) - 25Conditioned Response (CR)Usually similar to the UR, but it is the response made to the CS once it has been effectively conditioned
- 26Edward Lee ThorndikeFORMULATED THE LAW OF EFFECT AND LAID THE FOUNDATION FOR THE WORK OF SKINNER
- 27Primary reinforcerReinforcer that meets a basic biological need
- 28Positivepresence of a stimulus
- 29Negativea removal of a stimulus
- 30Reinforcementa process of strengthening of a likelihood of a behavior in the future
- 31Punishmenta process of weakening of a likelihood of a behavior in the future
- 32Wolfgang Kohler (1925)Sudden perception of relationships among various parts of
a problem “Aha” moment - 33Edward TolmanWorked with maze running rats that were reinforced or not for exiting the maze
- 34BiofeedbackUse of feedback about biological conditions to bring involuntary responses under voluntary control
- 35NeurofeedbackUses brain-scanning devices to provide feedback about brain activity
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- Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por Sylvian Briar el 05/11/2016.
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- Sylvian Briar
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