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BHS 101
Fichas del conjunto (38)
- 1What is the acquisition phase of scheduled reinforcement?Behaviour is being conditioned or learned, goal is to increase the target behaviour or skill rapidly
- 2What is the maintenance phase of scheduled reinforcement?Behaviour as become well-learned, goal is to ensure the target skill or behaviour is
maintained over time - 3Define schedule of reinforcement?Rule specifying which occurrences of a given behavior, if any will be reinforced
- 4Continuous Reinforcement (CRF)every correct response is reinforced; fast learning and fast extinction
- 5What is intermittent reinforcementOnly some correct responses are reinforced; slow learning and extinction
- 6What is rate of respondingNumber of instances the behaviour occurs
in a given period of time - 7What is extinctionSchedule in which NO instances of the
behaviour will be reinforced - 8What is Continuous ReinforcementEvery correct response is reinforced, results in rapid learning
- 9What is Intermittent Reinforcement?Only some correct responses are reinforced, results in slower learning
- 10What are the advantages of Intermittent Reinforcement?Reinforcer remains effective longer
Tends to take longer to extinguish.
Individuals work more consistently on certain intermittent schedules.
More likely to persist after being transferred to reinforcement in natural environment - 11What is a ratio schedule?Reinforcement is based on
number of responses emitted
Responses are reinforced after a
specified number of responses
Can be FIXED or VARIABLE - 12What is a Fixed-Ratio (FR) Schedule?Reinforcement occurs each time a set number or responses of a particular type is emitted.
Produce high steady rate of responding until reinforcement occurs
Followed by a post-reinforcement pause
Brief pause in responding, following the delivery of a reinforcer
The higher the value of the FR, the longer the pause - 13What is a Variable-Ratio (VR) Schedule?The length of the interval changes
unpredictably from one reinforcement to the next
Lengths of VI schedule vary around some mean value
Produces a moderate, steady rate of
responding and no post-reinforcement pause - 14What is Ratio Strain?Occurs when there is a deterioration of responding from increasing an reinforcement schedule too rapidly
- 15What is satiationCondition in which an individual has
experienced a reinforcer to such an extent
that the reinforcer is temporarily ineffective
Progressive and eventually a total loss of
effectiveness of a reinforcer - 16How to prevent satiation?Frequently change the reinforcer you’re using
Only have small amounts at a time
Limit access at times other than target behaviour - 17What is Deprivation?The non-occurrence of a positive
reinforcer for a period of time
resulting in its increased strength
A condition in which an individual
has gone without a particular
reinforcer for a period of time - 18What are ways to use ways to use deprivation?Deprivation can be used to maintain reinforcer effectiveness, and increase behaviour change
Frequently change reinforcers
Limit amount of reinforcer
Limit access to reinforcer - 19What are the ethical cautions of deprivation?Do not withhold items required to live
Do not withhold rights they’re entitle to
Do not withhold items that are support tools or accommodations - 20What is Extinction (Operant)?The withholding of a reinforcer following previously reinforced response, that weakens the response
- 21What is Escape Extinction?When the function of the behaviour is
escape/avoidance
Putting that behaviour on extinction would mean that the behaviour no longer works to escape/avoid - 22What is Attention Extinction?When the function of the behaviour is attention
Putting that behaviour on extinction would mean that the behaviour no longer works to get attention - 23What is Tangible Extinction?When the function of the behaviour is access to tangibles
Putting that behaviour on extinction would mean that the behaviour no longer works to get that specific item/activity - 24What is Sensory Extinction?When the function of the behaviour is access to sensory stimulation (automatic)
Putting that behaviour on extinction would mean that the behaviour no longer produces the desired sensory experience - 25What is an extinction burst?An increase in responding during extinction
If the behaviour is no longer “paying off” for the individual - 26What are the problems of extinction?Adverse side effects
Does not teach the individual what to do instead
Difficult to implement with integrity in applied settings
Spontaneous Recovery – reappearance of a previously extinguished behaviour - 27How to minimize the extinction burst?Multi-component intervention plan/ Treatment Package
Skill building – teach replacement skills/behaviours
Reinforcement for alternative behaviours
Arranging antecedent conditions
Use of continuous reinforcement schedule
Provide rules/instructions
Control reinforcers - 28What are the definitions of punisher and principle of punishmentStimuli or event that, when presented immediately after a behavior, causes that behavior to decrease in frequency
If in a certain situation a person engages in a behavior that is followed immediately by a punisher, then the person is less likely to do the same thing again in a similar situation - 29What is punishment?1. Follows the behaviour
2. Results in a decrease in the behaviour - 30What are the Specific Types of Punishers?Positive Punishment
Pain-Inducing
Reprimands
Negative Punishment
Response Cost
Time Out - 31What are Pain Inducing Punishers?Event activates pain receptors and produces a feeling of discomfort
- 32What are Reprimands?A strong negative verbal
stimulus contingent on a
behaviour - 33What is exclusionary time-out?Removing a person for a
short time from a situation - 34What is non-exclusionary timeout?Using a stimulus associated with less reinforcement
- 35What is response cost?Removal of specified amount of reinforcer
immediately following a behaviour
May involve indirect effects (delayed
punishment; refer to rule-governed
behaviour) - 36What are factors increasing the effectiveness of punishment?1. Promote positive, alternative behaviors
2. Minimize the cause of undesirable behaviors
3. Select an appropriate punisher intensity?
4. Provide a cue for punishment - 37What are the side-effects of punishment?1. May provoke aggressive behaviour
2. Can produce undesirable emotional
side effects (i.e. crying, fearfulness)
3. Escape and avoidance behavior
4. Can cause the situation and people
associated with the aversive stimulus
to become conditioned punishers - 38—
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- BHS101 Fichas sobre BHS 101, creado por Emily Taylor el 06/12/2016.
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- Emily Taylor
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