Fichas
Buddhist Art in Asia (pt 1)
Fichas del conjunto (50)
- 1Ashoka MauryaIndia, r. 269-232 BCE
emperor/war lord in India; became a buddhist after a bloody battle - 2chunar Sandstonevery shiny, softer stone, but very polished
- 3chakrawheel
- 4dharmachakrawheel of Buddhist law
symbol of Buddhist teachings
Buddha "turns the wheel of law" - 5Sarnath (Deer Park)Buddha's first sermon took place at Deer Park (Sarnath)
- 6chakravartin"ruler/holder of the wheel"
(Buddha is chakravartin of all chakravartins; Ashoka is a chakravartin) - 7The Great Stupa at Sanci1st C BCE
India - 8circumabulationclockwise, right shoulder towards center
- 93 Jewels of Buddhism1. buddha
2. dharma - the teachings / law
3. sangha - the monastic community - 10parinirvanaBuddha goes to parinirvana when he dies
(nirvana after death) - 11jataka talesnarratives about the previous life of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Guatama
- 12Monkey King jatakaThe Monkey King is one of the previous lives of the historical Buddha. Acts as a human bridge to save his troop from the King of Benares.
- 13synoptic narrativesingle scene with the same character repeated multiple times to show action occurring in the scene; vs. panoptic narration (w/o repeating characters)
- 14continuous narrationsingle panel with multiple scenes occurring; has a sequence of events
- 15yakshinature deities from Hinduism; co-opted in Buddhism
represented fertility and abundance - 16The Great Departurewhen Siddhartha Guatama leaves the palace, on a horse that is carried out of the palace so it makes no sound; usually has a parasol to represent holiness
- 17Enlightenment and Defeat of Mara's ArmyMara tries to tempt Guatama as he is meditating under the Bodhi tree to prevent him from reaching enlightenment, but Guatama resisted temptation
- 18bodhi treealso known as Pipal Tree; heart-shaped leaves
the tree under which the historical Buddha reached enlightenment - 19Kushan Empire1st - 3rd CE
modern Pakistan and northern India - 20Emperor Kanishkac. 78-101 CE
great patron of Mahayana Buddhism
Kushan empire - 21Gandharacity in modern Pakistan; deep drapery in robe; grey schiste; more Greco-Roman nose
- 22MathuranSouthern India
known for their sculptures in red sandstone; shallow drapery; usually robe is over one shoulder; flatter and broader facial features - 23Anjanata CavesSouthern India, late fifth century
cave temple
commissioned by King Harishena (r. c. 462 - 481 CE) - 24chaitya hallprayer hall
i.e. chaitya hall in the Ajanata Caves - 25vihara hallindividual study rooms; not meant for circumambulation
i.e. vihara hall in the Ajanta caves - 26Avalokiteshvarabodhisattva of compassion
a.k.a guanyin, kannon, gwaneum - 27Padmapaniholder of the lotus
- 28Mahajanaka JatakaKing Janaka jataka
Janaka, rightful king, marries the daughter of his uncle (who is king) and becomes king. He becomes dissatisfied with palace life and leaves on horseback - 29Bamiyan caves6th-7th C, Afghanistan
- 30Yungang Grottoesc. 460-470 (Northern Wei), China
commissioned by Tuoba Xianbei - 31Horyujibuilt mid-6th C (Asuka), rebuilt late 7th C (Hakuho), Japan
oldest wooden temple in Asia
built by Prince Shotoku's father, completed by Shotoku - 32pagodaEast Asian Stupa
relics underneath the stone platform - 33Tori BusshiMaster Sculptor Tori; accredited with the Shaka triad
active during Asuka period, mid 6th C - 34Yumedonohall of dreams, at Horyuji
- 35hibitsuhidden statue
i.e. Yumedonno kannon at Horyuji - 36Ernest Fenollosa & Okakura Tenshinlate 19th C (Meiji period)
discovered Yumedonno Kannon
and commissioned Buddhist art in a more modern style - 37United Silla Period668 - 935
late 7th C - early 10th C - 38Asuka period538 - 710 CE
(6th C - early 8th C) - 39Hakuho period673 - 686 CE
(late 7th C) - 40Northern Wei periodc. 386 - 534 CE
(late 4th C - mid 6th C) - 41Kim Daeseong770 - 774
Prime Minister of Korea during the United Silla period; built Seokguram to defend against Japan - 42vairochanathe Celestial Buddha
all Buddhas at once - 43bhumisparsha mudraearth-touching mudra
"calling earth to witness"
i.e. Variocana at Seokguram - 44Seokguramartificial cave
built from granite! - 45AmitabhaBuddha of the Western Pureland
- 46TodaijiNara period (710-794)
orig. 750s, rebuilt 1200s and 17th&18th C - 47Nara period710 - 794 CE
- 48swatstikaBuddhist symbol for auspiciousness, good luck, and peace;
contains the whole mind of the Buddha - 49Fukukenjaku Kannonestoric form of Kannon
always has 8 arms! - 50Nara stylenatural and elegant
human-like
"almost ready to spring to life"
idealized naturalism/realism