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Attachment theory: Bowlby's phases and function
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- 1Attachment Dream Babies, Christina Hardyment PhilosophyBefore Bowlby, child-rearing was rigid and routine. It was believed that leaving this routine would lead to a lack of self-control and discipline. So when appliances gave women more free time, they could spend more time with their child.
- 2What did Bowlby say the function of attachment waso Function of attachment is proximity maintenance
o It is thought to protect us and aid survival
o Mechanism is much more complex and dynamic than imprinting (e.g. warmth of relationship)
o Attachment has a long lasting and defining impact on social development - 3Explain Bowlby's (1969) 5 phases of development1) Infant orientates and signals without discriminating different people
2) Infant orientates to and signals one or more discriminated persons. This is the beginning of attachment and is commonly observed at around 5-7 months of age. E.g. child will smile at caregiver and be comforted by them
3) Infant maintains proximity to discriminated person by means of locomotion and signals. Normally said to be definition of attachment and is normally from 7-9 months of age. It is also at that stage that an infant may develop a ‘fear of strangers’ and shows ‘separation protest’, regularly returning to caregiver for contact
4) Formation of a goal-corrected partnership occurs between child and caregiver. In this the child no longer needs to mother as a resource and the child begins to accommodate to the mothers needs also and is prepared to wait alone if requested until mother returns. Normally occurs from 3 years of age but it has been observed that 2 year olds partly respond to verbal requests by the mother to await her return. (Weinraub and Lewis, 1977)
5) Lessening of attachment as measured by the child maintaining proximity. Normally 5 years and over. Relationship based on more abstract considerations such as affection, trust and approval, exemplified by an internal working model of the relationship.
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