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Learning Overview
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- 1Define LearningAn adaptive process that occurs as a result of experience, a puppy opening eyes and seeing is NOT learning.
- 2What is "Habituation" ?It is the when the animal learns not to respond.
It need persistent waning of response, and will recover avoidance if given time - 3How Is an Animal Habituated?With stimuli close together
Specific Stimulus done constantly
Note: An animal will not habituate to harmful stimuli! - 4What are the Two Kinds of Associative Learning?- Classical conditioning eg. Pavlovian conditioning
- Instrumental conditioning (Operant conditioning or Trial and Error learning) - 5Classical Conditioning: What is UR and CR?UR= unconditioned response
CR = Conditioned response - 6Give an example of Conditioned ResponseFood given at certain time leads to expectation:
- Animals learn associations constantly and therefore do not need to be trained - 7Give an Example of Instrumental ConditioningStep one: (not always needed) depends on if animal will investigate itself into that position
Condition Stimuli: lure (clicker training)
Uncondition stimuli: food
Step Two:
Uncondition Response: Investigation
Links it with CS
Conditioned Response: trick - 8What is the First Law of Conditioning?The longer the interval between CS (conditioned stimuli) and US (unconditioned stimuli) presentation will decrease learning.
This depends on what occurs between (eg. food aversion may be long CS-US interval but is biologically plausible) - 9What is the Second Law of Conditioning?The speed or strength of the learning increases with the intensity of the CS, and the value of the US
- 10What is the Third Law of Conditioning?When the reinforcer is withheld the learned response declines. This is extinction
- 11What is the Fourth Law of Conditioning?All pairs of events can be associated with equal ease. This is equipotentiality (Not quite true)
- 12Why is Law 4 not always true?Some animals will only associate NATURAL behaviours, eg. a hamster that was presented food after normal hamster behaviour only learnt association between natural behaviours that would find food if in the wild (eg. scrambling) NOT those such as face washing.
- 13What does Classical Conditioning Allow?The prediction of the environment but NOT the control.
- 14What does Instrumental conditioning Allow?Allows the prediction and control of the environment
- 15What is Imprinting?Learning of strong innate tendency to discover, such as the indentify of its parent such as in ducklings
- 16How does reinforcers affect Behaviour?Appetitive reinforcers: increases the likelihood of a behaviour
but reinforcers can be positive or negative - 17What are 'Positive' reinforcers?"Pleasant", something animals will work for
Arrival must be contingent with behaviour
Increases the likelihood of the behaviour in future - 18What are "negative" reinforcers?"unpleasant"
Removal is contingent on behaviour
This increases the likelihood of the behaviour in the future as the negative reinforcer is removed - 19What is Punishment?It is "unpleasant" and arrival is contingent on behaviour
Decreases the likelihood of behaviour in the future - 20What does Punishment often NOT provide Effective Training?It gives no indication of what animal should do, and may elicit fear or resentment
- 21How does Social Learning Affect Behaviour?By watching another animal perform the task, learns a lot quicker BUT it can sometimes depend on the relationship they have with the other animal
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- (Behaviour and Welfare) Animal Management 2 Fichas sobre Learning Overview , creado por Rebecca Hitchman el 17/05/2017.
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- Rebecca Hitchman
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