Fichas
Detergents
Fichas del conjunto (22)
- 1Washing powder is a mixture. What are the main components of it and what do they doDetergent - to do the cleaning.
Bleach - to remove coloured stains.
Water softener - to soften hard water (hard water contains soluble calcium and magnesium compounds that react with soap).
Optical brightener - to make whites appear brighter.
Enzymes - To break up food and protein stains in low temp washes. - 2When clothes are washed, what is the water and what is the washing powder?Water- solvent (liquid that does the dissolving).
Washing powder - solute (the solid that gets dissolved), because it is soluble (it dissolves) in water.
The resulting mixture of solvent and solute is a solution. - 3Why do some washes use a low temp?They are used to wash delicate fabrics (i.e. ones that would shrink in a hotter wash or that have a dye that could run).
So they do not denature enzymes in biological powders. - 4What is an advantage of low temp washes?It is that they save energy.
- 5What are the two ends to a detergent molecule?Hydrophilic head that likes to be in water and helps detergent dissolve.
Hydrophobic tail that does not like water and helps the molecule attach to grease and oil. - 6What are stains known as that do not dissolve in water?They are insoluble.
- 7When are dry-cleaning solvents used?When a stain is insoluble in water. The clothes are still washed in a liquid but it does not contain water.
Different solvents will dissolve different stains. - 8What solvent is used to get rid of ball-point pen stains?Methylated spirits (ethanol).
- 9What solvent is used to get rid of blood stains?Water.
- 10What solvent is used to get rid of shoe polish stains?White spirit.
- 11What solvent is used to get rid of coffee stains?Water.
- 12What solvent is used to get rid of correcting fluid stains?White spirit or nail varnish remover.
- 13What does washing up liquid contain and what do they do?Detergent- to do the cleaning.
Water - to dissolve and dilute the detergent so that it pours out of bottle.
Water softener - to soften hard water.
Rinse agent - to help water drain off crockery so it dries quickly.
Colour and fragrance - to make the product more attractive to buy. - 14What does the hydrophilic head of a detergent molecule attach to, why and what does it form with it?The charged 'head' is attracted to water molecules because of its polarity (electrical charge).
It forms strong intermolecular forces with water. - 15What does the hydrophobic head of a detergent molecule attach to, why and what does it form with it?The hydrocarbon tail is non-polar and so it is not attracted to water molecules, therefore it is attracted to the oil/grease molecules.
It forms strong intermolecular forces with oil/grease. - 16There are 3 stages to how detergents work in washing-up liquid. What is the 1st stage?1) The hydrophobic end of the detergent molecule forms strong intermolecular forces with the oil droplet, while the hydrophilic end of the molecule forms strong intermolecular forces with water.
- 17There are 3 stages to how detergents work in washing up liquid. What is the 2nd and 3rd stage?2) As more and more detergent molecules are absorbed into the oil droplet, the oil is eventually lifted off the plate.
3) When it is totally surrounded, the oil droplet can be washed away, leaving the plate clean. - 18How can detergents be made?By neutralising some organic acids with alkali.
Acid + alkali = salt (detergent) + water. - 19What are the molecules that make up a grease stain attracted to each other by?They are attracted to each other by weak intermolecular forces.
- 20What type of forces are between solvent molecules?Weak intermolecular forces.
- 21What will a grease stain molecular dissolve in and why?It will dissolve in a dry-cleaning solvent if the intermolecular forces are overcome.
The new intermolecular forces between the grease-stain molecules and the solvent molecules are stronger than the ones that were present before. The solvent molecules then surround the grease-stain molecules. - 22What is the coating on photographic film and what is it broken down with?It is a protein and is broken down by the enzymes in washing powder.
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- GCSE (C6) chemistry Fichas sobre Detergents, creado por Rebecca Smith el 17/06/2017.
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- Rebecca Smith
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