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P1-topic 3
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- 1I can compare the relative sizes of and distances between the Earth, Moon, planets, the solar system, galaxies and the universe.A galaxy is as a collection of stars.
Solar System is part of the Milky Way galaxy.
The Universe includes all of the galaxies.
The solar system is made up of planets, dwarf planets, asteroids and comets that orbit the sun.
The universe contains at least one billion galaxies. The universe contains at least one billion galaxies.
The solar system:
a star - the Sun
planets and dwarf planets in orbit around the Sun
satellites - moons - in orbit around most of the planets
comets and asteroids in orbit around the Sun.
The Sun's gravity keeps the planets, dwarf planets, comets and asteroids in orbit. The gravity of a planet keeps its satellites in orbit. - 2I know that the Big Bang theory explains the origins of the universe.The theory states that about 13,700 million years ago all the matter in the universe was concentrated into a single incredibly tiny point. This began to enlarge rapidly in a hot explosion, and it is still expanding today.
- 3Compare the sizes and distance between the Earth and other things in the Solar System.Object Distance from Earth (km) Diameter (km)
Earth 13,000
Sun 150,000,000 1,391,000
Moon 384,403 3,475
Venus 38,000,000 12,104
Neptune 4,300,000,000 49,528 - 4I can describe methods use to find life outside Earth.SETI-search for extraterrestrial intelligence is looking for radio broadcasts form alien civilisations, which may exist on other planets orbiting distant stars.
- 5I understand how modern methods have helped developed our understanding of the Universe.Method 1- Planets emit different parts of EM waves. EM telescopes can then be used to detect them.
Method 2- light can be split up by reflecting it off a shiny surface. sunlight will have black lines in the spectra as the atmosphere absorbs some of the sun’s light.
Cut a hole in a cardboard box to create an eye hole.
Just below the eye hole, cut a 60° angle to hold the CD in place.
Opposite the CD, cut thin slits in the box wall to create a light source (as shown in the diagram below).
Method 3- Doppler Effect: When a source moves towards an observer, the observed wavelength decreases and the frequency increases. (Blue Shift)
When a source moves away from an observer, the observed wavelength increases and the frequency decreases. (Red Shift) - 6I understand why we use different telescopes.Different light sources produces spectra in the spectroscope. Hot stars produce more blue light and colder stars produce red light. The gases in the Earth's atmosphere absorbs some electromagnetic waves more than others. Scientists can identify the chemical composition of stars by examining the light they emit with a spectrometer.
When electromagnetic waves pass through the atmosphere, some wavelengths are absorbed much more than others. Radio waves are not absorbed, so they can be used for communications. Mostly all Gamma Rays and X-Rays are absorbed by the atmosphere. - 7I understand the evolution of smaller stars.Stars form from massive clouds of dust and gas in space.
Gravity pulls the dust and gas together.
As the gas falls together, it gets hot. A star forms when it is hot enough for nuclear reactions to start. This releases energy, and keeps the star hot. The outward pressure from the expanding hot gases is balanced by the force of the star's gravity. Our sun is at this stable phase in its life. Gravity pulls smaller amounts of dust and gas together, which form planets in orbit around the star.
The sun and other stars eventually begin to run out of hydrogen. Gravity makes the core of the star smaller and hotter, which results in the outer layers expanding. They eventually expand so much that the star becomes a red giant star.After a star becomes a red giant, what happens next depends on how massive the star is. If its mass is relatively small, gravity eventually leads to the star contracting to form a white dwarf. It fades and changes colour as it cools. The matter in a white dwarf is millions of times denser than the matter on Earth. - 8I understand the evolution of massive stars.Larger bluer stars were created from larger nebulae. Their evolution is different to that of stars like the Sun.
The sun fuses hydrogen into helium faster, it cools and becomes a super red hot giant.
Nuclear fusion reactions in the star form heavier elements such as iron and magnesium. The elements run out and the core will shrink and hot the material would be ejected into space as supernova. Very heavy elements would be formed. The core shrinks to become a very dense neutron star. In extremely massive stars, a black hole is formed, which has a strong gravitational force that not even light can escape. - 9I can describe the events that supports the Big Bang Theory and the Steady State Theory.Steady State-
is expanding (the light from distant galaxies is red shifted. this means that the galaxies are all moving away from us and from each other. )
Big Bang-
All galaxies show red shift, which means the universe must be expanding,
The original radiation created in the Big Bang would have been Gamma Rays. Due to the expansion of the Universe, the Doppler Effect has stretched the wavelength to become microwave radiation, with a wavelength of 1mm.
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- GCSE (P1) Physics Fichas sobre P1-topic 3, creado por isabellaoliver el 06/06/2014.
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