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Biology AS Level Vocab- OCR- Chapters 1 and 2
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- 1MagnificationThe number of times greater an image is than the object.
- 2ResolutionThe ability to distinguish two separate points that are distinct from each other.
- 3Ultra-structure (or Fine Structure)Detailed structure of the internal components of cells as revealed by the electron microscope, rather than the light microscope.
- 4MitosisNuclear division that results in the formation of two cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
- 5MeiosisNuclear division that results in the formation of four cells that each contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell (haploid).
- 6ChromosomeA linear DNA molecule wrapped around histone proteins, found in the nucleus.
- 7GeneA short sequence of DNA that carries the code for the synthesis of one specific polypeptide (protein).
- 8DNADeoxyribonucleic Acid- a polymer of nucleotide molecules that form the instructions for the synthesis of proteins found within organisms.
- 9MitochondriaA membrane bound organelle responsible for the generation of ATP molecules by aerobic respiration.
- 10Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumA membrane bound organelle covered with ribosomes- the site of protein synthesis.
- 11FlagellaProtein based structure that extends from the membrane and is involved in moving the cell itself through a medium.
- 12Prokaryotic OrganismA single celled organism that does not contain a true nucleus.
- 13Eukaryotic OrganismAn organism consisting of cells that contain a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
- 14HydrophilicAssociates with water molecules easily.
- 15HydrophobicWater repelling molecule.
- 16Channel ProteinA protein pore that spans the membrane, through which very small ions and water soluble molecules may pass.
- 17DiffusionThe net movement of molecules or ions in a gas or liquid from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
- 18OsmosisThe movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane.
- 19Active TransportThe movement of substances across membranes against a concentration gradient that requires the use of energy in the form of ATP via transport proteins.
- 20Facilitated DiffusionThe passive movement of molecules down a concentration gradient, aided by transport proteins.
- 21EnzymesA globular protein molecule with 3D structure that acts as a biological catalyst.
- 22Molecular ShapeThe particular shape of a molecule.
- 23Complementary ShapeWhen two molecules have (matching) shapes which allow them to bind together (Lock and Key).
- 24Target CellA cell with specific receptors on the cell surface membrane which can receive a signal molecule (like a hormone).
- 25EndocytosisThe process of taking materials into the cell by surrounding them with part of the plasma membrane, which then pinches off to form a vesicle inside the cell. This is an active process requiring ATP.
- 26ExocytosisThe process of removing materials from a cell by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane. This is an active process requiring ATP.
- 27PhagocytosisEndocytosis of large solid materials such as microorganisms or cell fragments.
- 28ZygoteDiploid cell made from the fusion of male and female gametes.
- 29DifferentiationThe development and changes seen in cells as they mature to form a specialised cells.
- 30A tissueA similar group of cells that perform a particular function.
- 31OrganA collection of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or a set of functions.
- 32MetabolismAll the chemical reactions that take place in the cells of an organism.
- 33Plasma/Cell Surface MembraneThe outside surface of a organism or cell.
- 34SurfactantA chemical that can reduce the surface tension of a film of water.
- 35Smooth MuscleA type of muscle (involuntary muscle) found mostly in certain internal organs and involved in involuntary movements such as peristalsis.
- 36ElasticAbility to stretch and recoil.
- 37Intercostal MuscleMuscles between the ribs responsible for moving the ribcage during breathing.
- 38Double Circulatory SystemTransport system in which blood travels twice through the heart for each complete circulation of the body.
- 39RespirationThe process in which energy is released from complex molecules (such as glucose) within a cell and transferred to molecules of ATP.
- 40AtriumOne of the upper chambers of the heart.
- 41VentricleThe lower chambers in the heart.
- 42Coronary ArteriesArteries that carry blood to the heart muscle.
- 43Hydrostatic PressureThe pressure created by a fluid pushing against the sides of a container.
- 44DiastoleThe period when the heart muscles in the ventricles are relaxing and blood pressure is at its lowest.
- 45SystoleThe stage in the heart cycle when heart muscles contract to pump blood.
- 46Sinoatrial Node (SAN)A region in the right atrium from which the wave of excitation is initiated.
- 47StainingThe use of chemical or computer imaging to provide contrast between different parts of a cell for identification.
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- A Levels (AS Biology) Biology Fichas sobre Biology AS Level Vocab- OCR- Chapters 1 and 2, creado por Laura Perry el 04/08/2014.
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