Fichas
Inflammation
Fichas del conjunto (29)
- 1NeutrophilsPrincipal function is to phagocytose bacteria (--> Opsonisation: molecular mechanism whereby molecules, microbes, or apoptotic cells are chemically modified to have stronger interactions)
The first white blood cells to enter inflamed tissue from the blood - 2GranulomaOrganised collection of macrophages
Immune system response
Aim; wall off foreign substances
Caseitous and non-caseitous
Caused by myobacteria --> leprosy and Tuberculosis - 3Functions of inflammatory cells• Phagocytosis (eat and destroy microbes)
• Antibodies
• Killing infected host cells
• Control of inflammatory reaction - 4Control of inflammatory reaction• Chemical messengers
• include prostaglandins, cytokines, complement, clotting factors
• Cell-cell interactions
• Pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory - 5PusNeutrophils, bacteria, dead tissue, exudate
Typical of certain bacteria: pyogenic
= pus producing (Greek)
Abcess: A collection of pus in the tissues - 6Signs of pathological processes○ Heat
○ Redness
○ Swelling
○ Pain
○ Loss of function - 7Leukocytosis• Effects of cytokines on bone marrow
--> Increases supply of white blood cell - 8Acute phase proteins
- 9Cells in chronic inflammationPlasma cells, Macrophages, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils
- 10Systemic effects in acute inflammation- Vascular events:Vascular events: deliver plasma proteins to the damanaged/infected tissue
1) Increased blood flow
2) Increased permeability of endothelium
3) Protein-rich plasma fluid (exudate) enters tissue
4) Increased lymphatic flow
5) Collection of oedema fluid - 11Function of cellular events in acute inflammtation:Deliver white blood cells to the damaged/infected tissue
1) Adhesion --> selectins and integrins
2) Emigration - 12Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation• Acute = rapid onset, short duration
• timescale depends on context
• in inflammation, typically up to about 2 weeks
Chronic = long duration - 13TNF-α and IL-1Pro-inflammatory
• endothelial adhesion molecules
• increase coagulation
• stimulate fibroblasts
• promote cytokine secretion
• systemic effects - 14IL-6Proinflammatory
Important in systemic effects (along with TNF-α and IL-1), for example:
• acute phase response
• haematopoiesis
• Pyrexia - 15IL-10Anti-inflammatory
• inhibits cytokine secretion
• reduces antigen presentation - 16TGF-βAnti-inflammatory
• Important in immunological tolerance
Key cytokine released by myofibroblasts in the context of fibrosis - 17MacrophagesPhagocytosis*
Co-ordination of immune response
• cell-cell interactions
• secretion of cytokines
• antigen presentation - 18Mast Cells• Preformed mediators (from the granules):
• histamine, proteases, etc.
• Newly synthesised eicosanoids:
• prostaglandins
• Cytokines:
include eosinophil chemotactic factor - 19What are the principal components of granulation tissue?• The two principal constituents of granulation tissue:
• endothelial cells,
• fibroblasts and myofibroblasts,
• Inflammatory cells generally present also
• Macroscopic:
• red (very vascular)
• granular surface (capillary sprouts)
• Microscopic:
• capillaries
• (myo)fibroblasts
macrophages - 20Discuss healing by resolution and scarring• Maturation of granulation tissue --> Scarring
• Positive:
• Restore integrity
• Negative
• Lack function of normal tissue
• Cosmetic
Complications - 21Main effects of principle inflammatory cellsB-Cells purpose is the production of antibodies
T-cells CD4 are for "secrete and control", secrete cytocines
CD8+ are killing abnormal cells - 22Granuloma vs. granulation tissueThe function of granulation tissue is to provide the building blocks necessary for the healing of the injured tissue. The function of a granuloma, on the other hand, is to surround and (hopefully) digest foreign substances (splinters, difficult-to-kill bugs like mycobacterium tuberculosis). Granulation tissue is composed of blood vessels, fibroblasts, and loose extracellular matrix. Granulomas are composed of macrophages and (often) a collar of surrounding lymphocytes.
- 23BasophilsResemble mast cells, but are confined to bloodstream
- 24EosinophilsParticularly recruited in immune reactions mediated by IgE
• allergies
• parasites: major basic protein and eosinophil cationic protein - 25IL 8responsible for chemotaxis
- 26Antigen presenting cellsMainly Dendritic cells, also B-cells and macrophages
- 27Plasma cellsecrete antibody, B cell produce them
- 28TNF-alphapromote inflammation and induce apoptosis
- 29InflammationLocal tissue response to trauma characterised by increased blood flow and entry of
leucocytes into the tissues, resulting in swelling, redness, elevated temperature and pain.
Información
- Descripción
- Fichas sobre Inflammation, creado por Kamilla Toewe el 03/01/2019.
- Creado por
- Kamilla Toewe
- Visitas
- 2
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