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adolescent development midterm
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- 13 chief manifestations of puberty1.) growth spurt resulting in height and weight gain
2.) development of primary sex characteristics which causes hormone changes causing secondary changes
3.) development of secondary sex characteristics like pubic hair, voice changing, etc. - 2puberty and the puberty alarmpuberty- all the physical changes that the body goes through after the changes in primary sex characteristics
hormonal feedback loop- knowing how and when to release certain hormones when they dip too low - 3biological and environmental factors that effect puberty1.) biologically predisposed to go through it at a certain time
2.) kisspeptin
3.) sexual or physical abuse or trauma
4.) diet or wight
5.) artificial light - 4changes in sleep patterndelayed phase preference- rise in melatonin (which makes you tired) later in the night so adolescents go to sleep later and wake up later
sleep cycle shifts - 5advantages and disadvantages to early maturation1.) self image can change behavior
2.) unwanted attention from others due to body developing
3.) bullying or ridicule
4.) feel older so may want to spend time with older peers - 6five changes in cognition1.) thinking about possibilities
- reality is only one of many possibilities unlike children
2.) thinking about abstract concepts
- ability to think about things like honesty, fairness, friendships, etc.
3.) metacognition (thinking about thinking)
- think about their own thought process
4.) thinking in multiple dimensions
- they consider the same situation from a multitude of aspects
5.) adolescent relativism
- no longer see things in black and white terms and constantly question things - 7piagetan theorydevelop in four stages
1.) sensorimotor
2.) pre operational
3.) concrete operations
4.) formal operations
other people usually don't see development as happening in such concrete stages there is overlap - 8change in brain structure and funtion- size of a brain is full grown very early on
- plasticity which is the second period of malliability the brain goes through
- synapses are pruned and unnecessary ones are gotten rid of
-prefrontal cortex controls planning, thinking ahead, weighing risks and rewards and controlling impulses
-mylenation - 9social cognition categories1.) theory of mind
-adolescents can better understand what other people might be thinking
2.) thinking about social relationships
- excluding others because they think they might not fit in well
-questioning relationships with their parents
3.) understanding social conventions
-thinking about social norms you might never have thought about as a child
4.) concepts of civil liberties, laws and rights
- adolescents believe there should be no restriction on certain liberties such as speech and religion - 10decision making theory and risk takingthe steps adolescents take in order to make decisions are the same as adults but they place more weight on certain areas of a decision than adults would
- peer pressure
- high reward center - 11social redefinition-the process through which an individual’s position or status is redefined by society
-it can happen at different times in different cultures but the process is universal
-alters roles in society
-may happen when adolescents hit certain milestones - 12emerging adulthood- not universal
-usually only takes place when parents can continue to support child financially
-values and priorities make some adolescents want to spend time figuring things out before they make the leap to adulthood
-personal choice - 13elongation of adolescence- being financially reliant on parents despite feeling like an adult
- putting off marriage
- lengthening of schooling
- exploring identities
- work instability
-living situation - 14affects of poverty on emerging adulthoodmost people living in poverty or below the middle class line can not afford to support their children in the transition from adolescence to adulthood so they are forced, as a result, to skip the emerging adulthood stage and go straight to adulthood
- 15stereotypes of difficult teens true or false? relationships with parents bad?- false and the stereotype is widely exaggerated
- teens and parents usually share the same values and core belief systems
-the fight about superficial things like clothing, friends, music, boys, etc. - 16midlife crisis- does not usually have to do with adolescent children but usually occurs at the same time
- increased concerns about bodies
- possibilities for change are limited
- mental health is worse with a teen in the home
- leaving for college could result in empty nest syndrome - 17four parenting styles1.) authoritarian- high demandingness low responsiveness
2.) authoritative- high demandingness high responsiveness (best)
3.) permissive- low demandingness high responsiveness
4.) neglectful- low demandingness low responsiveness - 18behavioral genetics- shared environmental influence- children who share a similar environment regardless of their behavioral genetics result in a similar character
- non shared environmental influence- more of an influence
- some traits of behavior are inherited but they might not always appear because environment dictates if the traits they inherit are actualized
- anger
-intelligence
- emotional distress/depression - 19cliques- between 2-12 individuals
- generally same age and same sex
- shared interests
- provide the main setting for those who are a part of the clique to see each other and interact
- good for socialization - 20groups- do not provide the space itself for teens to interact with one another at an intimate level like a clique
- three main purposes:
1.) locate adolescents within a social structure at school
2.) channel them towards some peers and away from others
3.) provide context to reward certain behaviors and stay away from others
- based on reputation and stereotype - 21forms of popularity1.) sociometric popularity
- how well someone is liked
2.) perceived popularity
- how well off someone is determines their social status
- for one you can just have good social skills and end up being well liked but for the other you could gain status by getting a boyfriend or something like that
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- to help me not fail
- Creado por
- Emma Chiaravalli
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