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Social 10-2 Glossary / Terms to Know
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- 1AccommodationMaking adjustments to allow for compromises
- 2AcculturationA change in an individual or group that results from contact with another group
- 3ActivismThe policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change
- 4Adam SmithA famous economist. Modern capitalism owes its roots to him and his Wealth of Nations, which many consider the most important economic work in history
(see also - Invisible Hand) - 5Affirmationa positive, assertive action
- 6Alternative Energyenergy generated in ways that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment, avoiding use of fossil fuels and nuclear power
- 7Apartheid(in South Africa) a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race
- 8Anti-globalization movementa social movement critical of economic globalization
- 9The Artsthe theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies
- 10Assembly of First Nationsa political organization representing First Nations in Canada
- 11Assimilationthe process by which a minority culture adopts a dominant culture and is absorbed into it. Often involves loss of language
- 12CapitalWealth or assets owned by a person or organization for a specific purpose of investing or starting a company
- 13Capitalisman economic system based on free markets, private ownership of business and industry and the profit motive
- 14Citizenshipthe status of being a citizen of a particular country
- 15Climate Changea change in global or regional climate patterns due to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by using fossil fuels
- 16Cold WarThe state of political hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the US-led western powers from 1945-1990
- 17Colonialismthe governing influence of a nation over a dependent country
- 18Colonya territory claimed and ruled by another country
- 19Common Goodthe benefit of all people
- 20Communisma system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole
- 21Conditionalityin political economy and international relations, conditionality is the use of conditions attached to the provision of benefits such as loan, debt relief or aid
- 22Constitutionfundamental principles to which a state or organization is acknowledged to be governed
- 23Consumer activisma process by which activists seek to influence the way in which goods or services are produced/delivered
- 24Corporate ResponsibilityCorporations have a responsibility to groups and individuals that they affect
- 25Cultural Revitalizationan effort to restore new life to a culture
- 26Culturethe customary beliefs, social forms and material traits of a racial, religious or
social group - 27Cultural Contactthe interaction of two or more independent cultures
- 28Cultural Diffusionspreading the beliefs and social activities of one culture to different ethnicities, religions, nationalities, etc.
- 29Cultural Imperialismthe culture of a large and powerful country or organization having a great influence on another less powerful country
- 30Customsa traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a particular society, place or time
- 31Demandrefers to consumers' desire to purchase goods and services at a given price
- 32Depopulationthe action causing a country or area to have a decreasing or smaller population
- 33Developed Countryan industrialized or more economically developed country with advanced technological infrastructure relative to less industrialized nations
- 34Developing Country (or underdeveloped)a country with a less developed industrial base and a low human development (HDI) relative to other countries
- 35Discriminationthe unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things (especially on the ground of race, age or sex)
- 36Dissentto withhold assent or approval, disagree
- 37Diversitya set of conscious practices that involve understanding and appreciating interdependence of humanity, cultures and natural environment. Practicing mutual respect for qualities and experiences that are different from our own
- 38Dumpingdisposing of garbage, waste or unwanted materials in a careless way
- 39Ecological Footprintthe impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources
- 40Economic ImperialismWhen one country has a lot of economic power or influence over another
- 41Economy of scalea proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production
- 42Emigrationthe act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another
- 43Empirean extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly an emperor or empress
- 44Energy Depletionresource depletion is most commonly used in reference to farming, fishing, mining, water usage, and consumption of fossil fuels
- 45Environmentalisma broad philosophy, ideology and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment
- 46Ethnocentrismevaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture
- 47Eurocentrismis a worldview centered on or biased towards Western Civilization
- 48European Uniona group of 28 counties that operates as a cohesive economic and political block
- 49Fossil Fuelsa natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms
- 50Free Tradeinternational trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas or other restrictions
- 51Gender Issuesall aspects and concerns related to women and men's lives and situation in society, the way they interrelate, their differences in access to and use of resources, activities, reactions to changes, interventions and policies
- 52General Agreement on Tariff and Tradea set of multilateral trade agreements aimed at the abolition of quotas and the reduction of tariff duties amont the contracting nations (WTO)
- 53Global Citizenshipall about encouraging young people to develop the knowledge, skills and values they need to engage with the world. The belief that we can all make a difference.
- 54Global Warminga gradual increase in the overall of the earth's atmosphere, generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs and other pollutants
- 55Global Villagethe world viewed as a community in which distance and isolation have been dramatically reduced by electronic media
- 56Globalizationthe process by which the world's citizens are becoming increasingly connected to and dependent on one another
- 57Greenhouse Effectthe trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface
- 58Gross Domestic Productthe total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year
- 59Homogenizationthe process by which cultures become more alike in terms of values, attitudes, beliefs, customs, language and traditions
- 60Human RightsRights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or other status
- 61Hybridizationmixing of identities and cultures in new and different ways
- 62ICT (Information through Telecommunications)refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. It is similar to IT but focuses primarily on communication technologies: Internet, Wireless, Cell phones, etc.
- 63Ideologya system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy
- 64Information societya society where the creation and use of information plays a critical role in politics, culture and the economy
- 65Infrastructurethe basic physical and organizational structures and facilities
- 66IMF - International Monetary Fundan organization of 189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustain economic growth, reducing poverty
- 67Investmentthe action or process of investing money for profit
- 68Imperialisma system in which a country rules other countries, sometimes having used force to get power over them
- 69Immigrationthe act of someone coming to live in a different country
- 70Individualisma social theory advocating the liberty, rights or independent action of the individual
- 71Industrializationthe development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale
- 72Integrationproviding equal opportunity for participation of different groups in society
- 73Invisible Handin the economics of Adam Smith, an unseen force or mechanism that guides individuals to unwittingly benefit society through the pursuit of their private interests
- 74Knowledge Economyan economy in which growth is dependent on the quantity, quality and accessibility of the information available, rather than the means of production
- 75Kyoto Protocolan international treaty among industrialized nations that sets mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions. The Greenhouse effect is the warming effect of the sun on greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, that act to trap this heat in our atmosphere
- 76Legacya gift of property, especially personal property, as money, by will; a bequest. Anything handed down from the past as from an ancestor or predecessor
- 77Lobbying / LobbyistThe activity of trying to persuade someone in authority, usually an elected member of a government, to support laws or rules that give your organization or industry an advantage
- 78Marginalizationputting a group of people in a lower or powerless position within society
- 79Mediathe different ways of delivering mass communication, such as newspapers, radio, TV
- 80Missionarya person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country
- 81Monoculturethe cultivation of a single crop in a given area
- 82Multiple perspectivesmore than one perspective or point of view
- 83NAFTANorth American Free Trade Agreement - an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico designed to remove tariff barriers between the three countries
- 84NationalisticHaving a strong identification with one's nation, especially to the exclusion or detriment of other nations
- 85Neocolonialismthe use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially dependencies
- 86NGO - Non-governmental organizationvoluntary group of individuals or organizations, usually not affiliated with any government, that is formed to provide services or to advocate a public policy. Although some NGOs are for profit, most are non-profit
- 87Non-status IndianFirst Nations peoples who are not registered with the federal government. In some cases they do not qualify for status based on the requirements set out by the federal government in the Indian Act
- 88Official Languages Acta Canadian Law that came into force on Sept 9, 1969 which gives French and English equal status in the government of Canada. This makes them "Official" languages, having preferred status in law over all languages
- 89Oral Historythe collection and study of historical information using sound recordings of interviews with people having personal knowledge of past events
- 90Organic Farmingmethod of crop and livestock production that involves much more than not choosing to use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and growth hormones
- 91Per Capita Incomethe total national income divided by the number of people in the nation
- 92Pluralismtwo or more groups that coexist, recognizing and respecting their diversity
- 93Privatizationthe transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control
- 94Property rightsthe rights of people and companies to own and use land, capital, etc. and to receive profit from it
- 95ProtectionismPolicy of protecting domestic industries against foreign competition by means of tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, or other restrictions or handicaps placed on the imports of foreign competitors
- 96Quality of lifethe standard of health, comfort and happiness experienced by an individual or group
- 97Quebec ActCreated at the time of the Proclamation of 1763 - It gave the French Canadians complete religious freedom and restored the French form of civil law
- 98Quotaa fixed share of something that a person or group is entitled to receive or is bound to contribute
- 99Refugeea person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
- 100Religionthe belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods
- 101Renewable Energyenergy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power
- 102Residential Schools(In Canada) a government supported boarding school for children from Indigenous communities
- 103Responsibilitybeing responsible, answerable, accountable or something within one's power, control or management
- 104Rightslegal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement
- 105Self Determinationthe process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government
- 106Self Interesta concern for one's own advantage and well-being acted out of self interest and fear
- 107Slash and burna method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown, typically used as a method for clearing forest land for farming
- 108Socialisma political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole
- 109Social Darwinismthe theory that individuals, groups and people are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals
- 110Sovereigntya doctrine in political theory that government is created by and subject to the will of the people
- 111Specializationa strategy developed by a business to focus on the production of a very limited range of products or services for maximum productivity
- 112Spiritualitythe quality of being concerned with the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical things
- 113Structural Adjustment Programloans provided by the IMF and the WB to countries that experienced economic crisis
- 114Standard of livinga grade or level of subsistence and comfort in everyday life enjoyed by a community, class or individual
- 115Status Indianrefers to a specific legal identity of an Aboriginal person in Canada. In 1876 the Canadian Government created the Indian Act to develop criteria for who would be legally considered an Indian
- 116Status Quothe current situation;
the way things are now - 117Stewardshipthe job of supervising or taking care of something, such as an organization or property
- 118Subsidya sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive
- 119Supplya stock of a resource from which a person or place can be provided with the necessary amount of that resource
- 120Sustainabilitythe ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level
- 121Sweatshopa factory or workshop, especially in the clothing industry, where manual workers are employed at very low wages for long hours and under poor conditions
- 122Tariffa tax on imported goods or services, meant to reduce competition with domestic goods or services
- 123Third Worldthe underdeveloped nations of the world, especially those with widespread poverty
- 124Tolerancethe ability or willingness to tolerate something, in particular the existence of opinions or behaviour that one does not necessarily agree with
- 125Tradethe action of buying and selling goods and services
- 126Trade Agreementsa wide-ranging tax, tariff and trade treaty that often includes investment guarantees. It exists when two or more countries agree on terms that helps them trade with each other
- 127Trade liberalizationthe process of reducing barriers to trade
- 128Transnational communitya cultural community that maintains political, social, cultural and economic links between its homeland and its adopted land
- 129Traditionsideas, practices, beliefs, knowledge and customs that are passed down through a group, family, culture or religion
- 130Truth and reconciliation commissiona form of restorative justice aimed at the healing of a community broken apart by violence and oppression
- 131United Nationsan international organization, with headquarters in New York City, formed to promote international peace, security and cooperation under the charter signed by 51 countries in 1951 in San Francisco
- 132UN Security Councilprimary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. 15 members and each member has a vote
- 133Utilitarianism (environmental)the viewpoint that the environment should be used to serve people and their needs, however humans should preserve and protect the environment because it is fundamental to human happiness and prosperity
- 134Valuesbeliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable
- 135World Banka financial institution, with headquarters in the USA, provides loans to member countries in financial difficulty
- 136World Trade Organizationan international organization established to supervise and liberalize world trade
- 137World Viewa philosophy of life and way of seeing the world
Información
- Descripción
- Glossary definitions and terms to know for Social Studies 10-2 (specifically)
- Creado por
- Jennifer Osmond
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