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science unit test 2
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- 1what are the layers of the earth?The layers of Earth, starting from the outside are Crust, Mantle, Outer Core and Inner Core.
- 2what are the lithosphere and mantle?The lithosphere is the crust and upper mantle which are the tectonic plates and the asthenosphere is the upper mantle directly under the plates.
- 3what's the thickest layer?The thickest layer of the Earth is the lower mantle and the thinnest layer is the crust.
- 4What is the difference between oceanic crust and continental crust?The difference between oceanic crust and continental crust is
The oceanic crust is under the ocean and is more dense then the continental crust. This is due to the majority of rock that the crust is made of: basalt. - 5what happens as you go deeper in the earthAs you go deeper into the earth, temperature and pressure increases.
- 6Describe the inner core's pressure and heat transfer?Pressure is greatest which causes the metal to be solid despite the temperature of 6,000 degrees C.
The inner core transfers heat through conduction to the outer core due to the temperature difference between the layers. - 7Describe the outer core's pressure and heat transfer?The pressure is less therefore the metal is in liquid state. The temperature is about 4,000 degrees C.
Once the molecules on the bottom of the outer core are heated, they become less dense and rise. Cooler molecules at the top are more dense and sink. This is called convection currents. - 8Describe the lower mantle's and Asthenosphere pressure and heat transfer?This solid mass of rock and metal is a solid yet tar-like and can move. The temperatures range from 1,200-4,000 degrees C
Due to the temperature differences between the Lower Mantle and Outer Core, heat is transferred through conduction first, and then those hot, less dense molecules rise while those cooler more dense molecules sink. - 9Describe the Lithosphere ( Upper Mantle and Crust) pressure and heat transfer?This solid is made mostly of rock and is cool to about 20 m. The temperature rises 1 degree C for every 40m
The convection currents in the Asthenosphere are responsible for moving the plates in the Lithosphere. - 10What is the continental drift theory?The theory of continental drift:
Alfred Wegener gathered data to support the idea that all continents were once one (Pangaea) and these continents slowly drifted apart. - 11What data does the continental drift theory have?Data included: the continents fit together like a puzzle, there were mountain ranges with similar rocks, fossils such as the lystrosaurus, mesasauras, and glossopteris, climate change such as glaciers in South Africa and tropical plants in Greenland.
- 12What is the scientific community's point of the continental drift theory?The scientific community didn't support Wegener's theory until discoveries were made later due to advances in technology. These advances enabled scientists to collect data to support:
- 13how does seafloor spreading relate to the continental drift theory?A divergent boundary where plates moved away from each other at the mid-ocean ridge and new ocean floor is created when lava hardens in the rift valley. An example of how seafloor spreading would support Continental Drift would be the mid-ocean ridge between South America and Africa and North American and Eurasia which would explain how the continents became separated and continue to be separated through the addition of the ocean floor.
- 14how do tectonic plates relate to the continental drift theory?The lithosphere is made of plates and these plates are moved by convection currents in the asthenosphere. Some plates move toward each other (convergent boundaries), some slide by each other horizontally in opposite directions (transform boundaries) and others move away from each other and new ocean floor is created when the lava hardens (divergent boundaries). Scientists know the directions of the plates which explain the movement of continents over time.
- 15What do plate boundaries look like?
- 16What are the plate movement and tectonic activity of the convergent Continental/Oceanic plate?Oceanic plate subducted due to more dense Volcanoes form; earthquakes can occur.
- 17What are the plate movement and tectonic activity of the convergent Continental/continental plate?Both plates are equal density and neither subducted.Mountains form; Earthquakes occur
- 18What are the plate movement and tectonic activity of the divergent plate?A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other.
Volcanoes form; new ocean floor at mid-ocean ridge - 19What are the plate movement and tectonic activity of the transform plate?A transform plate boundary occurs when two plates slide past each other, horizontally. Earthquakes occur
- 20What do faults and plates boundaries look like?
- 21what type of fault and boundary and what features are produced by Compression: squeezing crust stress?fault=reverse
boundary= convergent
features produced=Mountains, volcanoes, trenches - 22what type of fault and boundary and what features are produced by tension: pulling crust stress?fault=normal
boundary=divergent
features produced= mid ocean ridges - 23what type of fault and boundary and what features are produced by Shearing: rock moving in two directions stress?fault= strike slip
boundary=transform - 24what are 5 characteristics of minerals?Naturally occurring: not person made Crystal structure
Inorganic: not living
Chemical composition: made of elements or compounds
Solid - 25what are 6 test used to identify minerals?Color
Streak
Luster
Cleavage/fracture
Hardness
Density - 26—
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- 8th grade science unit test 2 Fichas sobre science unit test 2 , creado por nobody 248 el 02/02/2022.
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