Fichas
Anxiety - Steve Fitzjohn
Fichas del conjunto (49)
- 1What is anxiety?Anticipation of fear in the absence of external stimuli
- 2What is an anxiolytic?Takes a state of increased arousal back to normal
- 3What is a sedative?Takes nervous system from normal level to lower (i.e. for surgery)
- 4What is a hypnotic?Takes nervous system from normal level and dampens down even further, sends individual to sleep
- 5What classes of drugs can be used as anxiolytics? (6)Antidepressants
Benzodiazepines
5-HT1a receptor agonists
Some antiepileptic drugs
Anti-psychotics
B-adrenoreceptor agonists - 6Which class of drugs can be used to subdue a panic attack but shouldn't be used long term due to their addictive nature?Benzodiazepines
- 7Which drugs are anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic?Benzodiazepines
Zopiclone (Potentiates GABAa)
Barbituates - 8Which drugs are just anxiolytic?Antidepressants
Buspirone
B adrenoreceptor antagonists (eg propanolol) - 9Which drug is just hypnotic?Antihistamine
- 10What are the two mainly used types of anti-depressants?SSRIs (Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors)
SNRIS (Selective noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors) - 11What is the onset time period for anti-depressants? (SSRIs and SNRIs)6 weeks
- 12Give an example of an SSRICitalopram
- 13Give an example of a SNRIVenlafaxine
- 14What are the clinical uses of benzodiazepines?anti-anxiety
sedative
hypnotic
anti-convulsant
antieplieptic (some eg diazepam)
Muscle relaxant - 15What are the side effects of benzodiazepines? (6)Drowsiness
Amnesia
Confusion
Impaired motor function
Lack of depth perception
Reduced REM - 16Give an example of a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety?Nitrazepam
- 17What happens if you mix benzodiazepines with alcohol?Respiratory depression
- 18What are the half lives of these drugs and what are they (hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant) (5) (more important are *) Zolpidem1-2h
Hypnotic - 19Triazolam2-4h
Hypnotic - 20Loprazolam6-12h
Anxiolytic and Hypnotic - 21*NITRAZEPAM16-40h
Anxiolytic and Hypnotic - 22Diazepam10-40h
Anticonvulsant & Anxiolytic - 23Tolerance in benzodiazepine is ? in Anticonvulsants Anxiolytics HypnoticsHigh
Medium
Low - 24How does tolerance vary with half life of the drug?Shorter the half life the less likely tolerance occurs
- 25What are the physical dependence withdrawal symptoms?Anxiety
Dizziness
Tremor
Tinnitus
Weight loss
Sleep disturbances - 26How do benzodiazepines work? (2)1) Increase affinity of GABA to receptor
2) Increase probability of channel opening - 27What effect does BCCE (ethyl-B-carboline-3-carboxylate) and diazepam binding inhibitors have?Cause conformational change to GABA receptor making it harder for benzodiazepines to bind.
- 28What is the point of benzodiazepine antagonists?Reverse effects of benzodiazepines eg. excessive drowsiness
- 29What happens if you give someone a benzodiazepine antagonist if they have no benzodiazepines in their system?Induce anxiety
- 30Give an example of a benzodiazepine antagonistFlumazenil
- 31What is phenobarbitone?Barbituate
- 32What type of receptors do barbituates potentiate the action of?GABAa
- 33Which ligand gated ion channel do they inhibit?AMPA
- 34Why are benzodiazepines used more commonly than barbiturates?Harder to cause anaesthesia and death in overdose when using benzodiazepines
- 35How do low and high concentrations of barbiturates interact with GABA receptors?1) Low conc. prolong opening of R in presence of GABA
2) High conc. can open receptor without GABA present - 36What is Buspirone5HT-1a receptor partial agonist
- 37How does Buspirone differ to benzodiasepines in terms of sedation and motor in-coordination?Less
- 38What are the side effects of Buspirone and how do they relate to benzodiazepines?Headaches
Nausea
Dizziness
Restlessness
ALL LESS THAN IN BENZODIAZEPINES - 39What are the pros of Buspirone (1)1) No tolerance or physical dependence
- 40What are the cons of Buspirone?1) Doesn't help withdrawal from Benzos.
2) Takes days to weeks to work but only licensed for short term use
3) Don't help with panic attacks/severe anxiety
4) May increase anxiety initially - 41What are 5-HT1a receptors and where are they located?Somatodendritic autoreceptors
Serotenergic neurons in the Raphe nucleus - 42What effect does the prolonged presence of buspirone have on the 5-HT1a receptors (and seretonin release)?Initially receptors are activated causing a decrease in seretonin release.
Receptors desensitise, seretonin release increases. - 43Why are B adrenoreceptors antagonists not a good anxiety treatment?Treat symptoms not anxiety itself
- 44Which symptoms of anxiety do B adrenoreceptor antagonists treat?Peripheral symptoms -
Palpitations
Sweating
Tremor - 45Give an example of an B adrenoreceptor antagonistPropanolol
- 46What can antipsychotics be used to treat?GAD, PTSD
- 47Why are antipsychotics not generally used?Greater incidence of side effects than other anxiolytics
- 48What can zopiclone and zolpidem be used for?Insomnia treatment
- 49Where do Zopiclone and zolpidem bind?Same place and benzodiazepines (ay interface)
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- Degree Neuropharmacology Fichas sobre Anxiety - Steve Fitzjohn, creado por Anna mph el 15/12/2015.
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- Anna mph
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