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Flashcards

Anxiety - Steve Fitzjohn

Anna mph Neuropharmacology Degree Inglês 49 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (49)

  1. 1What is anxiety?Anticipation of fear in the absence of external stimuli
  2. 2What is an anxiolytic?Takes a state of increased arousal back to normal
  3. 3What is a sedative?Takes nervous system from normal level to lower (i.e. for surgery)
  4. 4What is a hypnotic?Takes nervous system from normal level and dampens down even further, sends individual to sleep
  5. 5What classes of drugs can be used as anxiolytics? (6)Antidepressants
    Benzodiazepines
    5-HT1a receptor agonists
    Some antiepileptic drugs
    Anti-psychotics
    B-adrenoreceptor agonists
  6. 6Which class of drugs can be used to subdue a panic attack but shouldn't be used long term due to their addictive nature?Benzodiazepines
  7. 7Which drugs are anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic?Benzodiazepines
    Zopiclone (Potentiates GABAa)
    Barbituates
  8. 8Which drugs are just anxiolytic?Antidepressants
    Buspirone
    B adrenoreceptor antagonists (eg propanolol)
  9. 9Which drug is just hypnotic?Antihistamine
  10. 10What are the two mainly used types of anti-depressants?SSRIs (Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors)
    SNRIS (Selective noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors)
  11. 11What is the onset time period for anti-depressants? (SSRIs and SNRIs)6 weeks
  12. 12Give an example of an SSRICitalopram
  13. 13Give an example of a SNRIVenlafaxine
  14. 14What are the clinical uses of benzodiazepines?anti-anxiety
    sedative
    hypnotic
    anti-convulsant
    antieplieptic (some eg diazepam)
    Muscle relaxant
  15. 15What are the side effects of benzodiazepines? (6)Drowsiness
    Amnesia
    Confusion
    Impaired motor function
    Lack of depth perception
    Reduced REM
  16. 16Give an example of a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety?Nitrazepam
  17. 17What happens if you mix benzodiazepines with alcohol?Respiratory depression
  18. 18What are the half lives of these drugs and what are they (hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant) (5) (more important are *) Zolpidem1-2h
    Hypnotic
  19. 19Triazolam2-4h
    Hypnotic
  20. 20Loprazolam6-12h
    Anxiolytic and Hypnotic
  21. 21*NITRAZEPAM16-40h
    Anxiolytic and Hypnotic
  22. 22Diazepam10-40h
    Anticonvulsant & Anxiolytic
  23. 23Tolerance in benzodiazepine is ? in Anticonvulsants Anxiolytics HypnoticsHigh
    Medium
    Low
  24. 24How does tolerance vary with half life of the drug?Shorter the half life the less likely tolerance occurs
  25. 25What are the physical dependence withdrawal symptoms?Anxiety
    Dizziness
    Tremor
    Tinnitus
    Weight loss
    Sleep disturbances
  26. 26How do benzodiazepines work? (2)1) Increase affinity of GABA to receptor
    2) Increase probability of channel opening
  27. 27What effect does BCCE (ethyl-B-carboline-3-carboxylate) and diazepam binding inhibitors have?Cause conformational change to GABA receptor making it harder for benzodiazepines to bind.
  28. 28What is the point of benzodiazepine antagonists?Reverse effects of benzodiazepines eg. excessive drowsiness
  29. 29What happens if you give someone a benzodiazepine antagonist if they have no benzodiazepines in their system?Induce anxiety
  30. 30Give an example of a benzodiazepine antagonistFlumazenil
  31. 31What is phenobarbitone?Barbituate
  32. 32What type of receptors do barbituates potentiate the action of?GABAa
  33. 33Which ligand gated ion channel do they inhibit?AMPA
  34. 34Why are benzodiazepines used more commonly than barbiturates?Harder to cause anaesthesia and death in overdose when using benzodiazepines
  35. 35How do low and high concentrations of barbiturates interact with GABA receptors?1) Low conc. prolong opening of R in presence of GABA
    2) High conc. can open receptor without GABA present
  36. 36What is Buspirone5HT-1a receptor partial agonist
  37. 37How does Buspirone differ to benzodiasepines in terms of sedation and motor in-coordination?Less
  38. 38What are the side effects of Buspirone and how do they relate to benzodiazepines?Headaches
    Nausea
    Dizziness
    Restlessness
    ALL LESS THAN IN BENZODIAZEPINES
  39. 39What are the pros of Buspirone (1)1) No tolerance or physical dependence
  40. 40What are the cons of Buspirone?1) Doesn't help withdrawal from Benzos.
    2) Takes days to weeks to work but only licensed for short term use
    3) Don't help with panic attacks/severe anxiety
    4) May increase anxiety initially
  41. 41What are 5-HT1a receptors and where are they located?Somatodendritic autoreceptors
    Serotenergic neurons in the Raphe nucleus
  42. 42What effect does the prolonged presence of buspirone have on the 5-HT1a receptors (and seretonin release)?Initially receptors are activated causing a decrease in seretonin release.
    Receptors desensitise, seretonin release increases.
  43. 43Why are B adrenoreceptors antagonists not a good anxiety treatment?Treat symptoms not anxiety itself
  44. 44Which symptoms of anxiety do B adrenoreceptor antagonists treat?Peripheral symptoms -
    Palpitations
    Sweating
    Tremor
  45. 45Give an example of an B adrenoreceptor antagonistPropanolol
  46. 46What can antipsychotics be used to treat?GAD, PTSD
  47. 47Why are antipsychotics not generally used?Greater incidence of side effects than other anxiolytics
  48. 48What can zopiclone and zolpidem be used for?Insomnia treatment
  49. 49Where do Zopiclone and zolpidem bind?Same place and benzodiazepines (ay interface)

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Degree Neuropharmacology FlashCards sobre Anxiety - Steve Fitzjohn, criado por Anna mph em 15-12-2015.
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Anna mph
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