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- 1What does Christianity teach about good and evil?God has given people free will (the choice to do what is right and wrong for themselves). He has shown people how he thinks they should live (10 commandments) but it is up to them to decide.
The Story of humanities battle between good and Evil is shown in the story of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. Adam and Eve choice to disobey God by eating the fruit of the tree- they broke the relationship between God and the people- original Sin.
Moreover, some people could say Evil exists because of Satan (he disobeyed God so got thrown out of heaven.) In the form of the serpent he tempted Adam and Eve to eat the fruit, he also tempted Jesus to give up his ministry. - 2What does St Augustine believe regarding the problem of Evil?He defines Evil as being the privation (the absence of good). The means its not something in itself it is just the absence of something. This solves the problem of evil as god would not have created evil, he only created good and evil is just the absence of that good.
He also believes it was Adam and Eve who caused suffering, meaning God can still be OOO. - 3What does Irenaeus believe regarding the problem of Evil?His theodicy is more concerned with the development of humanity.
- Humans were created in the image and the likeness of God
-We are in an immature moral state, we have the potential for moral perfection
-Throughout our lives we change from being human animals to 'children of God'
-God brings in suffering for the benefit of humanity
-From it we learn positive values, and about the world around us. - 4What does Irenaus' believe that suffering and evil are?-He believes that they are useful means of knowledge. Hunger leads to pain, and causes a desire to feed. Knowledge of pain prompts humans to seek to help others in pain.
-It is also character building. Evil offers the opportunity to grow morally. If we were programmed to do 'the right thing' there would be no moral value to our actions.
1. We are made in the image of God, but not in the likeness of God. (potential of being like god but with all his greatness)
2. Ireneaus thinks he point of life is to move into being like God
3. We need suffering to make us grow and become like God
GOD CREATED US IMPERFECT SO WE WOULD HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP - 5Problems of Ireneus' theodicy?We would never learn the art of goodness if we were programmed to 'do the right thing.'
- 6What happened in the story of Job?1. Job has everything he could have ever wanted.
2. The Satan tells God that Job is only worshipping you because you have given him everything he needs
3. God tells the devil to test him but not to hurt him
4. Someone stole his animals, lighting killed his workers and his sons house collapsed and killed all his children
5. He does not blame God for it
6. Satan tells god; 'Of course he still worships you, you have not done anything to himself'. God tells the devil to test him but not to kill him
7. Satan gives Job weight loss, nightmares, sores and ansomnia
8. Job's wife is upset with God but Job replies; 'You can't accept the good things from God without accepting the bad.'
9. Job breaks done and says: 'I have done nothing wrong... why is God punishing me?'
10. Job speaks to God and God replies: 'I created the world, don't question me, you don't know!'
11. Job says sorry and asks for forgiveness
12. God gives him all is things, his children back and he forgives job. - 71Criticism of Augustine's Theodicy?Augustine held that there was a state of ignorant bliss in the Garden of Eden which was unbalanced by the fall. Augustine puts all of the blame on the first humans yet we all suffer. Why should we suffer because of past generations? Augustine makes much of the idea of hell - as part of creation. Therefore God must be directly responsible for its creation, and therefore must have foreseen the need of punishment.
- 8What are the sources for moral behaviour?1. The Bible - It contains Jesus' teachings e.g.. The sermon on the hunt
2. Conscience- God's voice. Bible was written by men, church is full of people, conscience is the only one from God (according to some christians). - 9Problems with the Bible?People may not agree with the Bible. There are many contractions- How does a christian know what to do when there are contractionary teachings. It was written a long time ago- outdated?. Does not have the answers to current teachings e.g. fertility treatment
- 10Problems with the example of Jesus?His views and actions are now mostly outdated. It can be useful to imagine what Jesus might do, but it can be difficult to know how Jesus might behave if he lived in the modern world
- 11Problems with Conscience?People may be mistaken. It may contradict the bible.
EXAMPLE: BONHOEFFER
-He thought it was right to kill Hitler even though the bible said 'Do not Kill' because of his conscience. - 12Coping with suffering?1. Coping through prayer. Christians should pray to God and he will always respond just maybe not in the way you would want him to. This may help with healing because of the bible's story of healing the sick e.g. the paralysed man
2. Remembering that Jesus suffered. Contemplating Jesus' death helps people feel that they are not alone when they are in pain, because they believe that God suffers too and knows what humans are going through
3. Reading the bible. People will turn to the Bible for comfort 'do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your heart be troubles and do not be afraid.'
4. Helping others who suffer. Cope with suffering by helping and supporting others in pain e.g. spending time with people that are lonely. Eg. Christians in poverty help the suffering people
5. Talking to other christians - 13How are Christians expected to behave today?'Offer your bodies as a living sacrifice' - Doing good work for good e.g. helping the Hungry by giving them food etc.
'Be transformed by the renewing of your mind'- love the people that persecute you
-'An Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth'
-'But I tell you. Do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.'
-Generally Jesus encourages movement from Legalism e.g. 'You must not commit adultery' to intention and love - 14What is a humanist?If you re non-religious and look to science, reason, empathy and compassion in order to live an ethical and meaningful life you are a humanist
- 15What do humanists believe?1. You should treat others as you'd like to be treated yourself because you can put yourself in somebody else's place and imagine how you would feel (empathy)
2. You should think about the effect your action is going to have on people when making choices (reasoning)
3. Empathy and reason are in our nature as humans. They say we use our own human nature to work out how to treat others and that we don't need a god or a holy book to tell us what we should do
-They believe right and wrong comes from ourselves.
-They care more about consequences than Christians. - 16What are the two main sources of moral authority?1. Reason (capacity to think/rationality)
2. Empathy (putting yourself in others shoes)
'Do to others as you would have them do to you.' (Christianity)
'Don't do things you wouldn't want to have done to you' (Humanist society)
'And what you hate, do not do to any one' (Judaism)
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- GCSE Religious Studies Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por Imi Mowbray el 04/04/2016.
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- Imi Mowbray
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