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Chapter 1 Vocabulary
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- 1AccuracyHow closely a measured value agrees with the correct value.
- 2AtomThe smallest particle of an element that maintains its
chemical identity through all chemical and physical changes.
- 3Atomic number əˈtɒmɪkThe number of protons in the nucleus of
an atom.
- 4CalorieDefined as exactly 4.184 joules. Originally defined as
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one
gram of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C.
- 5Chemical changeA change in which one or more new substances are formed.
- 6CompoundA substance composed of two or more elements in
fixed proportions. Compounds can be decomposed into their
constituent elements.
- 7DensityMass per unit volume, D = m/V.
- 8ElementA substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler
substances by chemical means.
- 9EndothermicDescribes processes that absorb heat energy.
- 10EnergyThe capacity to do work or transfer heat.
- 11ExothermicDescribes processes that release heat energy.
- 12Extensive propertyA property that depends on the amount of
material in a sample.
- 13HeatA form of energy that flows between two samples of
matter because of their difference in temperature.
- 14Heat capacityThe amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of a body one degree Celsius. - 15Heterogeneous mixtureA mixture that does not have uni-
form composition and properties throughout.
Homogeneous mixture A mixture that has uniform composition
and properties throughout.
- 16Intensive propertyA property that is independent of the
amount of material in a sample.
- 17JouleA unit of energy in the SI system. One joule is 1 kg · m*2 /s*2 ,
which is also 0.2390 cal. - 18Kinetic energyEnergy that matter possesses by virtue of its
motion.
- 19Law of Conservation of EnergyEnergy cannot be created or
destroyed in a chemical reaction or in a physical change; it
may be changed from one form to another. - 20Law of Conservation of MatterNo detectable change occurs
in the total quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or
during a physical change. - 21Law of Conservation of Matter and EnergyThe combined
amount of matter and energy in the universe is fixed. - 22Law of Definite ProportionsDifferent samples of any pure
compound contain the same elements in the same propor-
tions by mass; also known as the Law of Constant Composition. - 23MassA measure of the amount of matter in an object. Mass is
usually measured in grams or kilograms.
- 24MatterAnything that has mass and occupies space.
Mixture A sample of matter composed of variable amounts of
two or more substances, each of which retains its identity and
properties. - 25MoleculeThe smallest particle of an element or compound
that can have a stable independent existence.
- 26Physical changeA change in which a substance changes from
one physical state to another, but no substances with different
compositions are formed.
- 27Potential energyEnergy that matter possesses by virtue of its
position, condition, or composition.
- 28PrecisionHow closely repeated measurements of the same
quantity agree with one another.
- 29PropertiesCharacteristics that describe samples of matter.
Chemical properties are exhibited as matter undergoes chem-
ical changes. Physical properties are exhibited by matter with
no changes in chemical composition.
- 30Scientific (natural) lawA general statement based on the
observed behavior of matter, to which no exceptions are
known. - 31Significant figuresDigits that indicate the precision of
measurements—digits of a measured number that have
uncertainty only in the last digit. - 32Specific gravityThe ratio of the density of a substance to the
density of water at the same temperature. - 33Specific heatThe amount of heat required to raise the tem-
perature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius. - 34SubstanceAny kind of matter all specimens of which have the
same chemical composition and physical properties. - 35Symbol (of an element)A letter or group of letters that repre-
sents (identifies) an element. - 36TemperatureA measure of the intensity of heat, that is, the
hotness or coldness of a sample or object. - 37Unit factorA factor in which the numerator and denomina-
tor are expressed in different units but represent the same or
equivalent amounts. Multiplying by a unit factor is the same
as multiplying by one. - 38WeightA measure of the gravitational attraction of the earth
for a body.
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- ANY Química Fichas sobre Chapter 1 Vocabulary, creado por Freddy RH el 15/04/2016.
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- Freddy RH
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