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- 1What are the four parts to sports injuries?Overtraining, preparation and injury reduction, long term athlete development, post injury rehabilitation
- 2Explain why athletes tape and brace... (4)To strengthen their joints (1) These act like ligaments (2) providing support (3) over a particular joint. Taping should mimic the structure of joints (4) it reduces mobility and stabilises joints (5)
- 3What is the first and most important function of footwear? (1)To create friction (1)
- 4Our foot contact can be described in three ways... what three ways are they? (3)Normal (1), Supinated (2), Pronated (3)
- 5What is meant by the term 'friction'? (2)Friction is the grip (1) you get from the footwear in contact with the floor (2) without friction our bodies would not be able to grip the floor or able to run (3)
- 6Explain what is meant by 'normal foot contact'? (1)The heel contacts the floor and the foot travels in a straight line (1) as it moves forward.
- 7What is the difference between supination foot contact and pronation foot contact? (2)Supination - the foot rolls outward and the athlete moves over the outside (1) of the foot
Pronation - the athlete moves the force through the inside (1) of the foot - 8Why is core strength so important? (3)Strengthen all the major muscle groups (1) Helps to maintain balance and stability/posture (2) Helps to maintain correct alignment of the spine (3) Helps to prevent injury (4)
- 9Suggest three precautionary measures an athlete should take when engaging in physical activity... (3)Wear appropriate footwear (1), Tape and brace weak areas (2), Wearing protective footwear (3), Protective and appropriate sports clothing (4)
- 10Give four symptoms of an athlete suffering from overtraining... (4)Loss of appetite (1), Suppressed immune system (2), DOMS (3), Fatigue (4), Boredom and lack of motivation (5)
- 11How might an athlete prevent overtraining, give three points... (3)Consume a balanced diet (1), Use relaxation techniques (2), Having a training regime that involves breaks (3), Gradually building up the intensity of the training (4)
- 12Give three advantages of an active warm up... (3)Energising of the nervous system (releases acetylcholine) (1), Body temperature increases (Bohr Shift) (2), Sports specific warm up (3), Mental preparation example (4)
- 13Explain what is meant by DOMS (1)Delayed onset of muscle soreness (1)
- 14Give three symptoms of DOMS... (3)Damaged muscle fibres (1), Muscle soreness for 48 hours (last 24 hours are worst) (2), Inflammation (3)
- 15Describe the RICE treatment, and what injury would it be suited for? (5)R - Rest (1), I - Ice (2), C - Compression (3), E - Elevation (4), (must give small explanation for all) (5) It would be suited for an acute soft-tissue injury (6)
- 16Why do young people have higher risks of overtraining? (2)While you are growing (1), intense training can cause developmental diseases (2), such as Osgood-Schlatter's (3), children must be supervised (4)
- 17What is the purpose of the long term athlete development programme? (1)It is a strategy for developing athletes from childhood to adults (1)
- 18Explain the two key stages for children of the LTAD (3)FUNdementals (1) these are about having fun (2), learning rules and ethics (3), body weight training (4), it gets them engaged (5)
Learning to train (6) - Developing knowledge of warming up and cooling down (7), Improve flexibility and training (8), More sport skills (9) - 19What are the benefits of a warm up? (3)Maintain body temperature and blood flow (1), preparation of muscles and joints in a sport specific manner (2), improved coordination and motor abilities (3), improves mental state (4)
- 20In relation to VO2 max, what thing do we have to consider when warming up? (1)Over 80% VO2max can have negative effects (1), 60% does no harm and is beneficial (2)
- 21How would you avoid getting DOMS? (3)Warm up dynamically and thoroughly (1), avoid strenuous eccentric activity (2), gradually increase intensity and duration of exercise (3), warm down properly including static stretching (4), massage (5)
- 22How can an ice bath help with the healing process? (3)Constricts blood vessels (1), flush waste products (lactic acid) out of the affected tissues (2), decrease metabolic activity (3), reduce swelling and tissue breakdown (4), up to 20 minutes (5) between 12 and 15 degrees celcius (6)
- 23What are the benefits to a sports massage? (2)Increased range of movement/muscles more relaxed (1), relieve muscle soreness/DOMS (2), help injury prevention (3), promotes faster recovery from high intensity training and injury (4), increased venous return (5)
- 24What is cryotherapy and how does it work? (3)Treating an injury with very cold temperatures (1), slows down blood flow (2), blood vessels and muscles vasoconstrict (3), reduces pain and inflammation (4), used to treat acute injury (5)
- 25Give two benefits of cryotherapy... (2)Release of endorphins (1), increase analgesia (2), inflammation is shut down and remains so for a few days (3), athletes feel invigorated and relaxed (4)
- 26What is the purpose of a hyerbaric chamber and what are the two important effects of them? (3)Create an atmosphere of high pressure oxygen (1), increased white blood cell activity (2), controlling infection (3), vasoconstriction (4) this treatment is better for more serious injuries (5)
- 27Why might an athlete use an oxygen tent? (2)Oxygen rich environment (1), improve VO2 max (2), recover from injury more quickly (3)
- 28What is a hypoxic tent? and what are the benefits? (3)An enclosed living space that simulates high altitude (1), by maintaining a lower oxygen concentration (2), facilitates the production of red blood cells/EPO (3), haemoglobin (4)
- 29Why would we still train when injured? (2)Strengthen other areas of the body (1), so there is no permanent weakness (2), body part returns to a fully functioning state (3)
- 30What is the benefit of water therapy? (1)Takes pressure of joints, bones and muscles (1), make increased aerobic and strength gains without body stress (2) lighter resistance training (3)
- 31After a period of injury, a performers proprioceptive sense may be impaired, it is beneficial for the performer to undertake drills like... (2)Hopping onto a trampette (1), unilateral balance drills (2), balance board drill (3), jumping drills (4)
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- A Levels (Sports injuries) Physical Education A2 - BIOLOGY Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por amyockenden el 06/03/2014.
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