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Virtue Ethics Revision
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- 1Define VirtueA positive characteristic that suggests moral excellence or goodness
- 2What type of theory if Virtue Ethics?Agent centred
- 3What did Plato focus on achieving and how did he believe this was achieved?The 'highest good' - achieved through the pursuit of certain values
- 4What did Plato consider to be central to his theory of Virtue Ethics?The Four Cardinal Virtues
- 5What are the Four Cardinal Virtues?Temperance, Justice, Fortitude and Prudence
- 6What was the name of Aristotle's theory of Virtue Ethics?Nichomachean Ethics
- 7What were Aristotle's two categories of virtue?Moral and Intellectual Virtues
- 8Define Moral Virtue- Not innate, acquired through practise and repition
- Developed by habit - 9Define Intellectual Virtue- Virtue of the mind
- Developed by training/education - 10What did Aristotle say about virtue?"Some people believe that nature makes people good, others believe that it is habit, and still others say that it is teaching... Students must have been conditioned by habits just as land must be cultivated to neuture the seed"
- 11How does Aristotle believe one achieved Eudemonia?- Something good achieves the tells (end goal)
- The telos of humanity is to be rational
- The Ergon (function) of phronesis is is to identify virtue - 12Define PhronesisPractical reason/wisdom
- 13What did Aristotle say about the good of humans?"The good for human beings is an activity of the soul in accordance with arête"
- 14Define ArêteVirtue
- 15Nichomachean Ethics Book 1, Part 6"But we must add 'in a complete life.' For one swallow does not make a summer, nor does one day, and so too one day, or a short time does not make a man blessed and happy."
- 16What did Aristotle see a virtue to be?A thing that falls between extremes - sees extremes of qualities to be a bad thing
- 17What does Aristotle refer to the extremes as?Vices
- 18What does Aristotle call the extremes?Vice of deficiency and vice of excess
- 19What does Aristotle believe we should aim for?The Golden Mean
- 20Common example of vice of deficiency, golden mean and vice of excess?Cowardice, Courage, Foolishness/Recklessness
- 21What did Robert Arrington say about the golden mean?"The golden mean is not the same thing as moderation"
- 22According to Aristotle how do we build character?Through experience of life
- 23According to Aristotle how do we learn?Through emulation and education
- 24What do Plato and Aristotle both use in the realms of Virtue Ethics?The Four Cardinal Virtues
- 25What are the seven capital vices?Pride, Envy, Sloth, Avarice, Lust, Anger, Gluttony
- 26What did Thomas White say about Virtue Ethics?Vice harms the doer - capatalism is often seen as being unethical - people are left to choose between being ethical or being sucessful - but being moral in our actions can help all parties involved - ethics and bussines can be related
- 27What is the role of reason according to Aristotle?To make a distinction between form and material substance
- 28What does he say makes you human?The way in which material is organised in your body
- 29What is the 'form' of the body?It is more than the physical body - its is all of what the person is - the human soul
- 30Why is it important?To help make some form of direction in a person's life
- 31What is reason needed for?To be fully human
- 32Who said that reason is the action as well as the thought?Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
- 33What does this therefore make ethics?Reason put into practice
- 34What does reason require?Both understanding and responding
- 35What is this closely linked to?Eudemonia
- 36What did Aristotle say was the highest form?Intellectual reasoning
- 37What is intellectual reasoning?Contemplating timeless truths
- 38What is the ideal human telos then?To live the life of a Greek philosopher
- 39What are the five-primary intellectual virtues?-Technical skill (techne)
-Scientific knowledge (episteme)
-Prudence (phronesis)
-Intelligence (nous)
-Wisdom (sophia) - 40What are the four secondary intellectual virtues?-Resourcefulness (euboulla)
-Understanding (sunesis)
-Judgement (gnome)
-Cleverness (deriotes) - 41What are the moral virtues?-Courage
-Modesty
-Righteous indignation
-Proper ambition - 42Who looked at the importance of the human soul?Plato
- 43What different parts of the soul did hey say there were?Rational and irrational sides of the soul
- 44What did he claim the rational part of the soul or mind govern?The spirited, emotional and appetitive parts
- 45Why was this so?In order to lead all desires and actions to eudemonia
- 46What must we do so that we become happy and lead good lives?Practice our skills
- 47According to Plato what happens through habit?The cultivating of virtues
- 48What does Aristotle draw a distinction between?Superior and subordinate ethics
- 49What is a superior aim?One that provides happiness
- 50What is the end goal or purpose?To achieve eudemonia - it is behind all be do as humans
- 51What is eudemonia coupled with?Goodness
- 52What did Aristotle say about goodness?We would be happy because we are good
- 53What is supreme good?Happiness
- 54How many forms of happiness did Aristotle identify?Three
- 55What was his first form of happiness?Living a life of enjoyment and pleasure (love of pleasure)
- 56What was his second form of happiness?Being a free member of society (honour)
- 57What was his third form of happiness?Being a philosopher (contemplation)
- 58What did he say we must do to achieve supreme good?Cultivate virtues
- 59What kind of people did Aristotle dislike?People who only sought a life of enjoyment and pleasure?
- 60What did he say about these kinds of people?"the most vulgar seemingly conceive the good an happiness as pleasure"
- 61What does Aristotle see as an essential part of our moral growth?Our communal relationships
- 62Why did he say we must utilise our friendships?To become 'good' for our communities
- 63What did he believe that most important facet of happiness was?Contemplation
- 64What did he say we needed both of?Moral and intellectual virtues
- 65What do they allow us to be?Well rounded individuals
- 66What is our best and happiest life according to Aristotle?It involved living well within the community
- 67What was being part of a group seen as by Aristotle?More important than the needs of the individual
- 68What did he say for those not suited to a life of contemplation?Friendship becomes the place to exercise moral virtue
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- Descripción
- A2 (Virtue Ethics ) Religious Education (RE) Fichas sobre Virtue Ethics Revision, creado por Abigail Courtness el 14/11/2016.
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- Abigail Courtness
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