Fichas
Chapter 1
Fichas del conjunto (48)
- 1Define the term data.Unprocessed raw facts and figures which have no meaning
- 2How can data become information?By adding structure, context and meaning
- 3Define knowledge.The application of information to a situation
- 4What are the 6 representation methods?Text, picture, sound, animation, video and LED
- 5Give one advantage, one disadvantage and an example of text.Advantage - Explanations can be given
Disadvantage - Language barriers
Example - a recipe in a cookery book - 6Give one advantage, one disadvantage and an example of pictures.Advantage - Can be viewed if noisy
Disadvantage - Can be ambiguous
Example - a roadsign - 7Give one advantage, one disadvantage and an example of sound.Advantage - Grabs people's attention
Disadvantage - Could be a noisy environment
Example - Sat nav instructions - 8Give one advantage, one disadvantage and an example of animation.Advantage - Convey meaning effectively
Disadvantage - Only shows steps/frames
Example - an advertisement - 9Give one advantage, one disadvantage and an example of video.Advantage - Can be stopped and replayed
Disadvantage - Requires a display screen
Example - staff training or tutorials - 10Give one advantage, one disadvantage and an example of LEDs.Advantage - Uses little power
Disadvantage - Doesn't mean anything on its own
Example - kettles or answer phones - 11What is direct data?Data that is collected physically by you, from an original source
- 12What is indirect data?Data that has been used for a purpose different to that it was originally collected for
- 13Give an example of an indirect data source.Collecting data on ticket sales for a film to make sure its not oversold and then using that to find out the most popular film
- 14What are the advantages of a direct data source?1. The exact data required can be collected
2. The source and collection method is known and verified
3. Can change the data being collected, in response to answers - 15What are the disadvantages of a direct data source?1. Data may not be available
2. May not get a large range of data
3. Can be time consuming - 16What are the advantages of an indirect data source?1. Data can be available from different locations and time periods
2. Large range of data available
3. Analysis might have already been completed on some data - 17What are the disadvantages of an indirect data source?1. Cannot be certain that data is accurate
2. Data could be bias
3. If the information was not originally collected, may not be able to get hold of it
4. May not have all the information about how, when and where it was collected, to make an opinion on its usefulness - 18Define a static information source and give an example.One where the data, once created, does not change - books
- 19Define a dynamic information source and give an example.One where the data changes and can be updated - pages on the www
- 20What does GIGO stand for?Garbage In, Garbage Out
- 21What factors determine how good the data is?1. Age - info might be out of date
2. Accuracy - if the data isn't accurate then you cannot rely on the info it provides
3. Relevance - if info is not relevant then it is useless
4. Completeness - if you only have part of the data then it is useless
5. Level of detail - you can be given too little or too much info
6. Presentation - if the info is presented in a way in which you can't understand, then it is useless - 22What is meant by the term 'encoding data'?To apply a set of rules to a data set, in order to convert it into another form
- 23What are the advantages of encoding data?1. Less storage/memory space needed
2. Increased speed of processing
3. Increased speed of input
4. Data can be validated easily
5. The data can be presented in a tabular format
6. Data can be kept confidential - 24What are the disadvantages of encoding data?1. Difficulty in interpreting in what they mean
2. A transcription or transposition error may occur
3. Data may get lost when transferring
4. Codes have to be unique
5. People have different value judgements - 25What is validation?A check that is performed by the computer as the data is being entered - it tries to prevent entry of data that does not conform to pre-set rules
- 26What does validation ensure?That the data is: sensible, reasonable, within acceptable boundaries and complete
- 27What are the different validation methods?Picture, presence, range, length, type, lookup and check digit
- 28What is the function of a range check?It sets an upper and a lower boundary for the data - the data must lie between these two values
- 29What is the function of a type check?This makes sure that the data entered is of the correct type
- 30What is the function of a presence check?Some fields must be filled in, so the computer will insist that a value is entered
- 31What is the function of a length check?Ensures that data is a minimum, maximum, or specific length
- 32What is the function of a picture check?A picture/format check will ensure that data entered matches a particular pattern
- 33What is the function of a lookup in list check?Checks to see if the data entered exists in a list
- 34What is the function of a check digit check?An extra digit/character is added to the end of the main data - this extra digit is the result of a calculation carried out on the original data
- 35Can valid data be incorrect?YES
- 36What is the purpose of verification?Checks that data has been transferred correctly from the original source to the computer
- 37What are the two methods of verification?Double-entry and proof reading
- 38What does the term 'backing up' mean?It is a copy of the data
- 39Where can backups be made to?Tape, re-writeable optical memory, flash memory and on-line storage
- 40What does the term 'archiving' mean?Involves moving the data, rather than copying it
- 41Where can data be archived to?Tape, CD-R/DVD-R and other storage medium
- 42What are some good backup procedures?1. Store away from original data
2. Make regular backups
3. Keep more than one version
4. Protect with encryption - 43What are some personnel costs associated with producing information?You need people to: collect data, produce info, train others and provide technical support
- 44What are some of the consumable costs associated with producing information?1. Something that is used
2. Examples include: printer ink, toner, paper, electricity, bulbs and petrol - 45What are some of the software costs associated with producing information?1. Needs purchasing or renting
2. Capital costs can be spread over projects
3. Types include: word processing, database, spread sheet etc. - 46What are some of the hardware costs associated with producing information?1. Capital cost need to be covered over time
2. Maintenance and repair
3. Equipment need to: collect, produce, process and store information - 47What are the four parts of a system diagram?Input, Process, Storage, Output
- 48What is 'feedback'?When the information that is output, will directly affect the data that is input
Información
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- ICT Fichas sobre Chapter 1, creado por rebeccahollister el 17/04/2014.
- Creado por
- rebeccahollister
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