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hard and soft engineering
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- 1what are the two main stratagies of managing the coastline?To provide defence against and mitigate the impacts of flooding
To provide protection against and mitigate the impacts of costal erosion - 2What are the other aims of costal mamagment?Stabilizing beaches affected by the long shore drift
Stabilizing sand dunes areas
Protecting fragile Earnestine landscapes - 3What does it mean when working with nature? What isb this an example of in terms of managing to coastline?Allowing natural processes to occur (erosion) (managed retreat) and not spending money on the defense of the coastal system
An example of soft engineering - 4What does it mean when working against nature and what is this an example of?When there is a significant capital investment - buildings and communication - in a costal region that has to be protected.
An example of hard engineering - 5How is the expense of hard engineering justified?They're justified by the potential expense of replacing sea-damaged buildings and infrastructure if they were not placed
- 6What does hard engineering involve?Making physical change to the coastal landscape using resistant materials like concrete boulders wood and metal
- 7Describe what a sea wall doessometimes they are recurved. They aim to dissipate energy. the recurved structure throws waves back out to the sea intot he path of the incoming wave to reduce the wave power. They also provide a physical barrier to flooding by raising the height of the coastline.
They must be continuous facing becasue any slight gap will be exploited by hydraulic action - drain outlets to that water doesnt accumulate inland - 8What is rock Armour?It consist of large boulders dumped infront of the cliff or sea wall - to take full force of the waves - sometimes they shake to absorb more of the wave energy. They are deliberately placed angular to increase the surface area thats exposed to the coastline and create filters to drain water.
- 9What do gabions do?they operate on the same principle as rock Armour but are smaller boulders and contained in metal wire mesh cages - joined together to form larger structures or walls.
- 10describe a revetmentA concrete or wooden structure laid across the beach/coatline to take full force of the wave energy - prevents further erosion of the beach
- 11Describe a groin and explain what they do and why they arent the best hard engineering structureWooden/stone breakwaters built almost at right angles across the beach - they are built to trap sediment from longshore drift and take full force of the ave energy as they build up beaches which dissipate the wave energy
HOWEVER stopping to sediment from longshore drift can mean that beaches further down the coat do not have constant supply of sediment. - 12What is cliff fixing?Driving iron bars into cliffs to absorb and stabilise wave power.
- 13What is the aim of an offshore bar? what is often placed infant of a cliff as an offshore bar?To cause the waves to break offshore reducing their impact on the base of the cliff
Sunken ships are often placed to take the force of the waves and to also help things to start to colonise. - 14What is a barrage? Give an exampleLarge structures built to prevent flooding on major estuaries and other large sea inlets - acts as a dam and prevents the intrusion of sea water
for example the barrage Delta Plan in the netherlands - 15What are the disadvantages of hard engineering strategies?1 = expansive to build
2 = defence in one place can mean bad consequences for another area - e.g groynes
3 = Structures can be an eyesore - spoiling the landscape and disputing natural habitats - 16—
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- A level (coasts ) geography Fichas sobre hard and soft engineering , creado por emily balmbra el 24/07/2017.
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- emily balmbra
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