biosafety

BIOSAFETY

Biosafety levels

Biosafety level 1 (BSL-1)

Biosafety level 2 (BSL-2)

Biosafety level 3 (BSL-3)

Biosafety level 4 (BSL-4)

Routes of exposure

Personal risk

agents that cause

life-threatening infections.

factors related to

behavior patterns and attitudes of employees

used to study

infection agents or toxins that cause no human disease

recommended for

teaching activities

Bacillus subtilis, Naegleria gruberi

Barreirs

Primary Barreirs and safety equipment

Second Barreirs (facilities)

PPE: laboratory coats and gloves; eye, face protection

Laboratory bench and sink required

moderate-risk infectious agents or toxins

used to study

Risks

recommended for

accidentally inhalation and skin exposure

clinical laboratories

Hepatitis B virus, HIV,

the salmonellae, and Toxoplasma spp.

Practices

BSL-1 practice plus

Barreirs

Barreirs

Barreirs

limited acces

sharp precautions

biohazard warning sings

Practices

standard microbiological practices

waste decontamination

Practices

Practices

Primary Barreirs and safety equipment

Primary Barreirs and safety equipment

Primary Barreirs and safety equipment

Second Barreirs (facilities)

Second Barreirs (facilities)

Second Barreirs (facilities)

containers used for the manipulations of agents that cause splashes

PPE: Protective laboratory clothing

BSCs

autoclave

special clinical diagnostic, or research activities

potentially lethal infection through inhalation

BSL-1 plus

doors that close and lock automatically

used to study

used to study

recommended for

recommended for

agents that are highly infectious

M. tuberculosis, Brucella spp., and Coccidioides immitis

Risks

BSL-2 practice plus

BSL-2 plus

controlled acces

decontamination of all waste

clothing decontamination

BSCs

containers for all open manipula­tions of agents

PPE: Protective laboratory clothing

Hand washing sink near laboratory exit

Physical separation from access corridors

factors related to the

immunocompetency of the individual

Negative airflow into laboratory

Risks

BSL-3 plus

BSL-3 practice plus

with no vaccine or therapy available

Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Lassa virus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease

• Coveralls

• Booties, head covers

• Double gloves

• Respirators

• Disposable sleeves

• Scrubs

research activities

clothing change before entering

shower on exit

all material decontaminated on exit

class III BSCs

full-body, air-supplied, positive pressure suit

isolated zone

decontamination systems

types of BSL-4 labs

Cabinet laboratory

Suit laboratory

Employees with reduced immunocompetence are at increased risk of infection.

The behavior patterns and attitudes influence the involvement in laboratory accidents that put workers at risk

Ingestion

Inoculation

Inhalation

Contamination of skin

Mouth pipetting

Splashes into mouth

Consumption of food in workplace

Needlestick accidents

Cuts from sharp objects

Procedures that

produce aerosols

Spills or splashes on skin

Contaminated surfaces, and equipment