Unit 1 salts

Insoluble base, metal or carbonate

add solid base to acid

gently heat to speed up reaction

filter off excess solid base

heat filtrate solution until volume is reduced by half

leave solution to cool to allow remaining water to evaporate

slowly crystals form

filter/ pick out crystal

leave to dry

use excess of solid/base to ensure all the acid has reacted

% yield is never 100% because some salt stays in solution and some is lost on transferring and filtering

Soluble base

react acid and alkali until they neutralise

use an indicator

titration

repeat reaction w/o indicator with the same volumes

then follow the same method

insoluble salts

when ppt are formed

remove by filteration, washed with distilled water to remove soluble impurities and then dried with filter paper