Chronic Azotemia: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Chronic Azotemia

Structural or functional renal alteration for more than 3 months

Epidemiology

Prevalence of 7.2% over 30 years and more than 20% over 60 years

Etiology

May be result of any cause of renal dysfunction

Diabetic Nephropathy, hypertensive nephrosclerosis and glomerulopathies

Pathophysiology

Decrease in renal reserve or renal failure

When renal failure is advanced the ability to dilute or concentrate urine effectively is lost

Diagnosis

Blood tests

Urinalysis

Complementary exams like blood urea nitrogen or electrolytes

Treatment

Manage manifestations until renal replacement therapy

Kidney transplantation

Best option for the treatment of renal acute failure

Criteria like Oliguria, Azotemia, Hyperkalemia, Hyponatremia or Anasarca must be met

Andrés Alvarado "7C"

Symptoms/Clinical Manifestations

GFR 70-100% of normal patients don´t gave uremic symptoms

When the GFR falls bellow 30 ml/min, symptoms of uremic syndrome appear

Nausea, asthenia, concentration deficits and insomnia