IT Essentials

IT Essentials

1. Computer

   • Hardware
     • Physical equipment
     • Computer Cases
       • - Houses internal components. - Typically made of plastic, steel, or aluminum. - Supports, protects, and cools internal components. - Protect against static electricity damage by having the components grounded via attachment to the case.
       • Form Factors
         • Horizontal Case
           • Computer case horizontally oriented on desk under monitor; no longer popular.
         • Full-Size Tower
           • Oriented vertically; provides room for expansion to accommodate additional components.
         • Compact Tower
           • (A.K.A. mini-tower or small form factor model) Provides limited room for expansion.
         • All-In-One
           • - Computer system components are integrated into the display. - Little or no expansion capabilities.
       • Fans
         • Move air though the case. As it passes warm components it absorbs the heat and exits the case preventing overheating.
     • Power Supply
       • AC to DC
         • - Wall outlets provide AC. - Computer components require DC.
       • Form Factors
         • Advanced Technology (AT)
           • Original power supply; now considered obsolete.
         • AT Extended (ATX)
           • Updated version of AT but still considered obsolete.
         • ATX12V
           • - Most common power supply on the market.  - Includes second motherboard connector to provide dedicated power to the CPU.
         • EPS12V
           • Used in high-end desktop models.
       • Connectors
         • Keyed
           • Designed to be inserted in only one orientation.
         • Provide Different Voltages
           • 3.3V and 5V - Digital Circuits
           • 12V - Motors and Fans
       • Rail
         • The printed circuit board (PCB) inside the power supply to which the external cables are located.
         • Single
           • All connectors connected to same PCB.
         • Dual
         • Multi
           • Separate PCBs for each connector.
       • Significant Deviation in Power will Cause it to Fail
       • Specifications
         • Choose power supply with more than enough power for current components.
         • Units: watts (W)
           • Ohm's Law: V=IR
           • P=VI
         • Generally 250-800W Output Capacity
           • Some computers need 1200W and higher capacity power supplies.
         • Voltage Selector Switch
           • Sets input voltage to the power supply at 110 V / 115 V or 220 V / 230 V depending on country.
           • Dual Voltage Power Supply
             • If it contains the switch; otherwise it automatically sense the input voltage.
     • Motherboard
       • - Backbone of computer. - Printed Circuit Board (PCB) containing buses (electrical pathways) that interconnect electronic components that are soldered on to the motherboard or added using sockets, expansion slots, and ports.
       • Connections
         • Where computer components can be added.
         • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
           • Brain of computer.
         • Random Access Memory (RAM)
           • Temporary location to store data and applications.
         • Expansion Slots
           • Locations to connect additionall components.
         • Chipset
           • - Integrated circuits on motherboard that control how system hardware iinteracts with the CPU and motherboard. - Establishes how much memory can be added to the motherboard and the type of connectors on the motherboard.
           • Northbridge
           • Southbridge
         • Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) chip and Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) chip
           • BIOS - Used to help boot the computer and manage the flow of data between the hard drive, video card, keyboard, mouse, and more. - Enhanced by UEFI UEFI - Specifies a different interface for boot and runtime services but still relies on the traditional BIOS for system configuration, power-on self test (POST), and setup.
   • Software
     • The Operating System and Programs

2. 4 Basic Units of Electricity

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