Resistant Materials

Resistant Materials

1. Woods

   • Hardwoods
     • A more expensive wood that comes from deciduous trees and it takes longer to grow. has a higher value as it looks nicer, is stronger and takes a long time to grow.
     • Beech
       • A good firewood, medium weight, high abrasion resistance and is very tough. can warp in the presence of moisture fluctuations
     • Oak
       • Hard, heavy but also fairly elastic. it is very resistant to weathering and moisture.
     • Ash
       • Excellent firewood, heavy and hard similar to oak, high abrasion resistance and elasticity.
     • Mahogany
       • very compact dark coloured wood with little pockets. Used as a veneer because it is very expensive
     • Teak
       • high in oil and rubber content. one of the hardest and toughest hardwoods there are. It is resistant weathering and rotting
   • Softwoods
     • Used for cheaper products being made on a large scale. grows from coniferous trees and grows fast
     • Scots pine
     • Parana pine
     • Western red cedar
     • Pitch pine
     • Yew
     • European redwood pine

2. Metals

   • Ferrous
     • Metals that contain iron
     • Cast iron
       • A steel containing more than 2% carbon is named cast iron and is used with
     • Mild steel
       • Mild steel contains 0.05% to 0.3% making it both malleable and ductile.
     • Carbon steel
       • Carbon affects the properties of steel because it can increase brittleness and hardness making it suitable for drill bits and other tools.
     • Stainless steel
       • Doesn't rust easily so us used in cutlery. A chromium layer too thin to see stops rusting  
   • Non-ferrous
     • Metal not contains any iron
     • Copper
       • Good ductile properties which means it is good for wiring as it also conducts electricity well
     • Alumnium
       • Is a structurally tough metal which is also light and used in airplane bodies. comes from the ore bauxite.
     • Zinc
       • is brittle but becomes malleable at temps of 150^C. very resistant to corrosion and weathering so is used on bin covers. stops steel from rusting by galvanation
     • Brass
       • Malleable and has good acoustics so is good for musical instruments and piping.
     • etc.
     • Lead
       • used in bullets, they make a slightly more ductile version of steel
     • Tin
       • Malleable, Ductile and has a shiny crystaline stucture

3. Sketches

   • Modelling
     • Can be prototype modelling which involves using cheap materials to see what the product would look like. Can be 3D modelling which is virtual so it can be edited without expense and sent by email to companies or a 3D printer
   • Orthographic
     • The cross sectional view of a joint or fitting
   • Free hand
     • pencil & paper, no ruler
   • Isometric
     • Has angles of 30 and 150 degrees designed for drawing 3D representation images
   • Exploded
     • a diagram that clearly show the assembly process and components involved in the construction of a product
   • Dimensioned
     • a 2D and a 3D image of a product

4. Plastics

   • Thermoplastics
     • Have no covalent bond cross-links so the plastic can melt and be re-moulded.
     • HDPE
     • LDPE
     • PP
     • HIPS
     • Nylon
     • PVC
     • Acrylic
   • Thermosetting plastics
     • Have cross-links so once set the plastic will remain in its shape. heating will only char and crack the plastic.
     • MF
     • Epoxy Resin
     • PR
     • Phenol Formaldehyde
     • Urea Formaldehyde

5. Health & Safety

   • RED - Do not do it (circle) BLUE - Mandatory action (circle)  YELLOW - Caution of hazards(triangle) GREEN - Escape or aid (rectangle)
   • Protection
     • Gauntlets Goggles Dust mask Ear defenders Gloves Aprons Visors

6. Designers

   • Charles Makintosh Philippe Starck James Dyson Frank Wright Ettore Sottsass
   • Style of product
     • Bauhaus Art Deco Art Nouveau De Stijl Memphis Shaker

7. Environmental Issues

   • Finite resources like coal and oil are needed for production but release greenhouse gases Employers have to think about working conditions for ethics and at their carbon foot-print
   • 6 R's
     • Reduce Recycle Re-use Repair Refuse Re-think

8. Scale of production

   • One-off production is when a sculpture or requested item is crafted only once. Batch production is when a series of identical products are made in small or large quantities. Another series is produced after Mass production involves worker producing large quantities of goods on a production line conveyor belt. Continuous production is a 24/7 production by robots to meet demands. Usually worse quality

9. Quality control

   • A sample is taken one every ... and it is tested for its dimensions, quality and ergonomics. if it fails then the whole batch will be inspected and the machine corrected. There are often anomalies.

10. Tools

    • Saws
      • tenon coping band jig scroll/fret hack junior
    • CAM machines
      • Laser cutter Pillar drill 3D printers
    • Measuring
      • Centre punch Scriber Metal rule Mitre box Mitre square Tri square Tape measure Marking gauge Micrometer Venier gauge
    • General Manu.
      • Claw hammer Cross pein hammer Ball pein hammer Planishing hammer Rubber/wooden mallet Chisels: Frimer, Beveled edge, mortise, gouge Plane
    • Clamps
      • Woodwork vice Engineering vice Machine vice G clamp Sash clamp Speed clamp Corner clamp

11. Joints

    • Butt joint Halving joint Dowel joint Lap joint Housing joint Mortise and tenon  Dovetail joint Finger joint
    • Welding
      • Gas Welding Soft soldering metal inert gas often used in schools to weld steels. tungsten inert gas i s used to form non-ferrous metals together silver soldering works at low temperatures.

12. Adhesives

    • PVA Epoxy resin Latex adhesive Contact adhesive Hot melt glue

13. Manufacture processes

    • Casting-put sand and oil in a cope and drag forming a mould for complicated parts in a car. Injection moulding Blow moulding

14. Smart materials

15. The Lathe