Hexapoda

Hexapoda

1. Entognata

   • Mouth in a pouch Indirect sperm transfer small (2-6 mm) Ametabolous (\Protura) Continue to molt avec sex. mtat (\protura
   • Collembola
     • Globular ellong body Most abundant hexapod Cerci absent Collophore (adhesion, grooming, osmoregulation) Spermatophore on stalk
     • Springtails
   • Diplura
     • Diplurans Di--> - they are 2 to take care of children          - pair of cerci (long& thin, OR short&stout) No eyes Long atennae Un pigmented
   • Protura
     • Lack eyes/antennae Forelegs enlarged (many sensillae) Cerci absent Anamorphic No molting after sex. mat. 
     • Hexapoda

2. Insecta

   • Pterygotes
     • CLASS Winged, secondarily winglessCan fly
     • Paleoptera
       • INFRACLASS Name: Paloe --> old winged             350 MyaPhysiology:Behaviour:SPECIAL:
       • Ephemeroptera
         • Name: for a day, wings Physiology: MP vestigial, sex dimorphism (M, bigger eyes, longer front legs) Behaviour: swarming flights Reproduction: 2 stages subimago, imago.  Nymphs avec leaf-like gills, along abd. +3 long tails.Environment: aquatic, eat algae. SPECIAL: Nymphs are good indicators of water quality
         • Mayflies
           • used as fishing flies for getting trout
       • Odonata
         • Name: Odonto = tooth Physiology:Large size, beautifully colord (sex dimorph), large  compound eyes, ocelli. LEGS long not for walking, but for holding perching. M cerci for clasping.  Behaviour: predaceous, strong fliers Reproduction: Wheel position. Main  copulatory organ on 2nd abdominal segment. Numph: Last molt out of water. Environment: Eggs laid in or near waterSPECIAL: Acute vision
         • Dragonflies
           • Nymphs have gills inside the rectum draw water inside, to breathe, and expel. Locomotion by Jet propulsion
           • Common Whitelail
             • M broad bluish-white abdomen, used to intimidate
           • Green Darner
             • Migratory species.  In fall, they go to southern US
         • Damselflies
           • Nymphs have leaf-like gills @end of abd. Breathing organ plus locomotion by ondulation
     • Neoptera
       • INFRACLASS Name: New wings. wings fold flatly over abdomen.
       • Hemimetabolous
         • Orthoptera
           • Caelifera
             • SUBORDER Short-horned PHysiology: short and stoud ovipositor. Antennae much shorter. Behaviour: Diurnal, phytophagous, Sing, rubbing tegmina against hind legs. Reproduction: Egg pod laid directly into soil.
             • Acrididae
               • Locusts
                 • Geneal name for gregarious phase. Crowding--> hulkmode.
             • Romaleidae
               • Lubber grasshoppers
                 • Large and robust grasshoppers. North Carolina. 
             • Tetrigidae
               • Pygmy grasshoppers
                 • Pronotum extends backwards. small <1.5 cm.  No stridulatory, no tympana. Winter only adult
           • Ensifera
             • SUBORDER Long-Horned Name:  Physiology: long ovipositor (single egg into twig) typana on foretibia (if present. Sing by rubbing tegmina together.  Behaviour: nocturnal omnivorous
             • Gryllidae
               • Field/House crickets
                 • Name:  Physiology: ovipositor needlelike. black or brown. robust. : Reproduction: eggs in soild, omnivorous, nocturnal
               • Tree crickets
                 • Name:  Physiology: small body, delicate. green. ovipositor needle like Behaviour: predaceous on small insects Environment: arboreal Reproduction:eggs in stems (water) SPECIAL FEATURES 
                 • snowy tree crickets
                   • Thermomoeter cricket  #oecanthus fultoni 
         • Hemiptera
           • - #name :  true bugs & homopterans - #physiology sucking MP (for of long proboscis named rostrum   - #environment : /liquid/ phytophagous, some predaceous, rare, blood feeders. - #behaviour : - #reproduction :  - #SPECIALFEATURES : Largest order of hemimetabolous.
           • Heteroptera
             • - #name : Different wings, #truebugs   - #physiology :  forewings /hemelytra/ is lethery (corium) ---apical part is membranious ---Hind wings membranous held flat over body.----piercing-sucking mouth parts (rostrum) - #environment : terrestrial aquatic - #behaviour : phytophagous, predaceous, hematophagous... rarely detritus. - #reproduction :  - #SPECIALFEATURES :     - #defense scent glands: repellend odour or alarm pheronome. ant mimicry, aggregation
             • Terrestrial
               • Miridae
                 • - #name :miriade, plein, largest family of truebugs  - #physiology :   - #environment :  - #behaviour : - #reproduction :  - #SPECIALFEATURES :       - #pests important pests for cultivated plants
                 • Tarnished plant bug
                   • - #name : lygus lineolaris Feed on 300 different plants. responsible for strawberry of other deformities.
               • Lygaeidae
                 • - #name : small family (ligo meaning small in greek)  - #physiology :  Bright red, black meaning bad taste and toxicity - #environment :  - #behaviour : - #reproduction :  - #SPECIALFEATURES : 
                 • Small milkweed bug
               • Blissidae
                 • - #name :  - #physiology :  ~4mm---  - #environment : hot, dry, sunny environment. - #behaviour : Feed on sap of grass stems.  - #reproduction :  - #SPECIALFEATURES :      - #pest affected lawn turns yellow. 
                 • Hairy chich bugs
               • Coreidae
                 • - #name : Leaf footed (caitlin correia) footed like soccer football. - #physiology :  narrow head, Hind tibia expanded & leaflike. Mdiph - #environment : diverse mostly in tropics - #behaviour : - #reproduction :  - #SPECIALFEATURES :       - #cool well developed scent glands 
                 • Leaf-footed bugs
                 • Squash Bugs
                   • - #name : - #physiology :   - #environment :  - #behaviour : - #reproduction :  - #SPECIALFEATURES :      - #pest cucurbitacae vegetables
                 • Western conifer seed bug
                   • Leptoglossus ocidentalis. From US. Feeds on conifer trees. Adult are sheltered. 
               • Pentatomidae
                 • - #name : penta --> five --> five segmented antennae.  - #physiology :  large pronotum many brightly colored - #environment :  - #behaviour : produce bad odor. Leave bad taste on berris.  - #reproduction : nymph and adult have different coloration. - #SPECIALFEATURES :     - #eggs offten barrel shaped, and covered with spines on top. 
                 • Stinki bugs
                   • - #name : - #physiology :   - #environment :  - #behaviour : primarily phytophagous, many predaceous. (if so, will have short and slightly enlarged proboscis - #reproduction :  - #SPECIALFEATURES :                    - #catfacing  (reponsible for fruit damages deformities... euuh
               • Reduviidae
                 • - #name : called Assassin bugs (terrestrial and predaceous!! sometimes called kissing bugs Beware! - #physiology :  base of hea constricted and necklike--- rostrum S&S fits in a groove on the prosternum. Acts as a stridulatory organ. Prbly used mate attraction +courtship. - #environment :  - #behaviour : most predaceous. Will feed on humans. Bite during night - #reproduction :  - #SPECIALFEATURES :      - #Disease vectors of Chaga's disease.  Central and S.A. Infection happens when assassin bugs' feces are  open wound, mouth or ruber into eyes. Symptoms may apear years later.
                 • Masked hunter
                   • - #name : Reduvius personatus. black assassin bug - #physiology :   - #environment :  - #behaviour : - #reproduction : eggs laid singly in dust, crack, corners. Nymph cover themselves with dust particles. - #SPECIALFEATURES :      - #resin the F collect under abdomen and used for egg coating and leg coating.
                 • Phymatinae
                   • Ambush bugs
                     • - #name : ambush --- voleur qui est pris en embuche dans les fleurs doree $$ - #physiology :  bright black and yellow. Spiny thorax. found on goldenrod flowers. swoleen femora. S&S raptorial forelegs. - #environment :  - #behaviour : may take pray bigger than themselves. - #reproduction :  - #SPECIALFEATURES : 
               • Cimicidae
                 • - #name : caled bed bugs - #physiology :  small, flat, oval, wingless, reddish adults.  - #environment : Nocturnal, hid cracks.  - #behaviour : feed on blood of mammal (bats +birds). One species feed on human. - #reproduction : copulation hemocoelic insemination (traumatic) - #SPECIALFEATURES :      - #danger cause irritation no disease spread.
                 • Bed bugs
             • semi-aquatic
               • Gerridae
                 • water repellent fee. Due to hydrophobic. 
                 • Water striders
                 • Marine water striders
                   • genus halobates. 
             • Aquatic
               • Belostomatidae
                 • Belostom
                 • Lethoseros
               • Nepidae
                 • Water scorpion
               • Notonectidae
                 • Backswimmers
               • Corixidae
                 • Water boatmen
           • Homoptera
             • Sternorrhyncha
               • - #name :   - #physiology    - #environment :  - #behaviour : - #reproduction :  - #SPECIALFEATURES : 
             • Auchenorrhyncha
       • Holometabolous
         • Raphidioptera
           • Snakeflies
         • Megaloptera
           • Dobsonflies
   • Apterygotes
     • Primitvely wingless, never had wings
     • Archeognatha
       • Name:Ancient jaw microcoryphia (Petite tete) Behaviour: Most nocturnal Physiology:Jump when distubed by rapidly flexing abdomen Environment SPECIAL FEATURES:
       • Jumping bristetails
     • Zygentoma
       • Name: Thysanura Physiology: Body flat, small compound eyes, widely separated Behaviour: nocturnal SPECIAL: well known ouse hold pests
       • Firebrats
         • Brownish scales
       • Silverfish
         • silver scales

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