Organizational Behavior: Groups

Organizational Behavior: Groups

1. Social identity theory

   • self-esteem depends on group performance
   • Ingroup favoritism
     • stereotyping of non-members
   • Group identification
     • similarity among members
     • distinctiveness of similarities
     • high status of a group
   • Roles influence group behavior
     • Zimbardo
     • psychological contract
       • mutual expectations

2. Five-stage group development model

   • 1. Forming
     • uncertainty --> acceptance
   • 2. Storming
     • conflict --> preliminary hierarchy
   • 3. Norming
     • solidification
   • 4. Performing
   • 5. Adjourning

3. Punctuated equilibrium model

   • 1. First meeting sets group direction
   • 2. Phase 1: first-half inertia
   • 3. Transition at half-time
   • 4. Phase 2: second-half inertia
   • 5. Last meeting: final burst of activity

4. Hawthorne studies

   • Groups perform better with perceived high status
   • Strong pressure on individuals to conform

5. Conformity

   • Solomon Asch
     • declining rates
   • desires
     • group consensus
     • favorable self-concept
     • meaningful relationships
   • higher in collectivist cultures
   • higher pressure from reference groups
     • members seen as personally significant